Tuckmans Stages Of Team Development Model Education Essay

Tuckmans Stages Of Team Development Model Education actTuckmans Stages of Team Development model explains how a team develops over condemnation. The phoebe bird stages of development are Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. According to Tuckman he says that all of the phases are necessity and inevitable. In order for the team to grow they close to face up to challenges, problems, find solutions to problems, planning as a team, and to deliver results.FormingIn this get-go stage of team building, the forming of the team takes place. The individuals behaviour is driven by a desire to be accepted by the other(a)s, and avoid controversy or conflict. Serious issues and feelings are avoided, and people focus on being alert with routines, much(prenominal) as team organization, which does what, when to meet, etc. But individuals are similarly gathering information and impressions whatsoeverwhat severalisely other, and about the scope of the parturiency and h ow to approach it. This is a comfortable stage to be in, but the avoidance of conflict and threat means that not much actually gets done.Storming both group bequeath then enter the storming stage in which diverse ideas compete for consideration. The team addresses issues such as what problems they are really vatic to solve, how they leave function independently and together and what leadership model they willing accept. Team members open up to each other and confront each others ideas and perspectives.NormingAt the team enter into the Norming stage. Team members behaviour is adjuster to each other. Also the team develop pop off habits which win the calculate wait more natural and fluid the team members often work by dint of this stage by agreeing on rules, pro behaviour, there shared rules and working(a) tools. During this phase, team members start trust one other and motivation increases as the team gets more acquainted with their project and goals.PerformingAs for th e teams who will reach the perform stage, the team members are now become interdependent, actuate and knowledgeable. The team members are now competent and able to ease uple and make decision without being supervision. Dissent is expected and allowed as long as it is channelled through means acceptable to the team.Adjourning was the later stage that Tuckman talk about and this stage is basically on involves dissolution that is terminating roles, completing each teams assign and reducing dependency.TRAININGTraining cornerstone be defined as an educational process. Where people cornerstone learn different new ideas and come information. In most organisation go into facts of life their works reservation them get and lean more thing. They are different type of culture and it important.Why didactics is important in an organisationMost of the reasons wherefore organisation goes into teach are new employees nourish to learn and run into new skills, and as well their motivat ion is likely to be high. On the other hand, training experienced employees drive out be problematic. The training motives of such employees are not always easy to determine, and when they can be, the individuals involved whitethorn resent being asked to change their established ways of doing their channel.Organizations also utilization more ways to determine the training needs of employees.The execution pronounce on this one each employees work are measured accorder to their performance standards and objectives established for his or her job. There are different types of training in which organization in training their employees.TYPES OF TRAINING method actingLECTURE METHODThe lecturing is best utilise for creating a general understanding of a topic. Several variations in the yack format allow it to be more or little buckram and/or interactive. In the pure address, confabulation is one way-from trainer to trainees. It is an extensive oral sacrificeation of material. A untroubled flog begins with an introduction that lays out the drive, the order in which topics will be covered, and ground rules about interruptions (e.g., questions and clarification). This is followed by the main body of the bait in which information is given. The topic areas should be logically sequenced so that the content of anterior topics prepares trainees for the following topics. The lecture should conclude with a summary of the main tuition points and/or conclusions.AdvantagesThe lecture training is one of the most efficient instruct methods for presenting many facts or ideas in a relatively short time. temporal that has been logically organized can be presentedConcisely in fast sequence.The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a subject. To ensure that allStudents eat the necessary background to learn a subject we can present basic information in a lecture. By using the lecture in this manner, we can offer bookmans with varied backgrounds a common understand. A brief introductory lecture can give direction and purpose to a demonstration or prepare students for a discussion.The lecture is a convenient method for instructing large groups. If necessary, we can use a everyday address system to ensure that all students can hear us. The lecture is sometimes the only efficient method to use if student-to-faculty ratio is high.Disadvantages.The lecture does not lead to maximum achievement in certain types of study. lecturing skills, cooperative group thinking, and motor skills, for example, are difficult to teach with the lecture method. Students can develop such skills well only through practice. Moreover, the formal lecture alone is generally not appropriate for presenting material higher up the comprehension level of the cognitive domain. Because it allows for little or no student verbal participation, the formal lecture whitethorn also be uneconomical for comprehension-level lessons in which concepts and principles are devel oped.The lecture does not appropriate teachers with an opportunity to estimate student progress before an examination. Within a single lecture period, we whitethorn unwittingly present more information than our students can absorb, and we have little accurate means during the lecture of determining what they have learned. likewise often, the lecture makes no provision for participation by the students. As a result, many students willingly allow the instructor to do all the work. nurture is an active process, but the lecture method tends to foster passiveness and habituation on the instructor.APPRENTICESHIP TRAININGApprenticeship training dates back to the Middle Ages, when skilled craftsmen passed on their knowledge to others as a way of preserving the guilds. Today, apprenticeship political platforms are partnerships between fatigue unions, employers, schools, and the government. They are most often found in the skilled trades and professional unions such as boiler engineers, electrical workers, pipe fitters, and carpenters. The typical apprenticeship program requires two years of on-the-job experience and about 180 hours of schoolroom focusing, though requirements variegate. An apprentice must be able to demonstrate dominance of all required skills and knowledge before being allowed to graduate to armourer status. This is documented through testing and certification processes. Journeymen provide the on-the-job training, turn adult education centres and community colleges typically provide the classroom training. ceremonious apprenticeship programs are regulated by governmental agencies that also set standards and provide services.COACHINGCoaching is a process of providing one-on-one guidance and instruction to improve the work performance of the person being coached in a specific area. It differs from other OJT methods in that the trainee already has been working at the job for some time. Usually, coaching is directed at employees with performanc e deficiencies, but it can also serve as a motivational tool for those performing adequately. Typically the supervisor acts as the coach. Like the OJT trainer, the coach must be skilled both in how to perform the task(s) and how to train others to do them. The amount of money of time supervisors devote to coaching activities steadily increased during the 1990s and will likely represent more than 50 percent of supervisors time by the new millennium.E-LEARNINGMany companies have implemented e-learning, which encompasses several different types of engineering assisted training, such as distance learning, computer-based training (CBT), or web-based training (WBT). outdistance learning occurs when trainers and trainees are in remote locations typically, technology is used to broadcast a trainers lecture to many trainees in many separate locations. Distance learning provides many of the same advantages and disadvantages as the lecture method. Distance learning can be much less expensive than pay for trainees in multiple locations to travel for a lecture, but it may get motivation to learn because of the remoteness of the trainer.AdvantagesConvenience is one of the major advantages of e-learning. It allows students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time restrictions of handed-down learning. Because e-learning provides access to learning materials at any time, students have the flexibility to account around families, jobs and other activities. Another major benefit of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. Students can learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important consideration for students who lack to study in a different country. In asset, because e-learning can be done from home, students have less clothing and driving expenses than with traditional learning.DisadvantagesA major disadvantage to e-learning is the self-discipline it requires. While being able to work at your own pace can be an advantage, it c an also be a disadvantage. This is especially true for students who have difficulty with time management and procrastination. These students tend to be more successful with the structure of traditional learning. Another disadvantage to e-learning is the technology involved. Some people do not have ready access to a computer and Internet connection. And some who do have the required equipment feel ill-equipped to use it. neglect of interaction between teacher and student is another drawback to e-learning. Some students need the immediate feedback that interaction provides.ON-THE-JOB TRAININGThe most common method of training, on-the-job training (OJT) uses more experienced and skilled employees to train less skilled and experienced employees. OJT takes many forms and can be supplemented with classroom training. include within OJT are the job-instruction technique, apprenticeships, coaching, and mentoring. Formal OJT programs are typically conducted by employees who can effectively use one-on-one instructional techniques and who have superior technical knowledge and skills. Since conducting one-on-one training is not a skill most people develop on their own, train-the-trainer training is required for OJT trainers. In addition to training the trainers, formal OJT programs should carefully develop a sequence of learning events for trainees. The formalized instructional process that is most commonly used is called the job-instruction technique.AdvantagesIt is cost effective for the employer because the person continues to work whilst learning.Training time is cut down when compared to traditional off site learning.It has been tested for techniques ranging from milking cows by hand to brain surgery.Structured programs for training multiple trainers, and for in house training of new trainers exist and are available from numerous providers.These programs reduce the training times of unstructured OJT by more than 50% and reduce the prolongation of less safe and mo re costly production techniques.DisadvantagesInconsistent traditional OJT relies heavily on an experienced employee to provide the instructions based on what they feel are the most important topics. What is important to one employee may not be important to another. The result is what is learned may vary greatly, depending on who is assigned as the trainer.Lack of founding principles While the active aspect of OJT may appeal to the practical learner, often the underlying theories of exercise are not covered in sufficient detail or accuracy. Without this foundation of knowledge, trainees often learn what to do, not why they are doing it, resulting in poor decision making when things dont go exactly right.Bad habits The trainee observes and may adopt the trainers habits and attitudes about all aspects of the job including safety, quality, customer service, and relationship with management. peaked(predicate) selected trainers can have many unintended consequences.

Analysis of Human Resource Models

Analysis of Human Resource Models Analyze and evaluate the characteristics of any triplet of the following human preference shapes and list the related features in each of the models. Contingency model, Best practice model, Harvard Framework, D Guest, M Patterson. (5 marks per model = 15 marks total)Contingency PlanningContingency conjecture takes social and settings alteration in individuals and their commercial undertakings as its obvious worth and assumes its standards charge in its understanding. in that location are twofold important repercussions to this kind of theoryif there is no single finest way, then even seemingly evenhandedly alike companies, for instance, two close schools, may select considerably antithetic edifices and still endure, and be rationally successful in attaining their tasks, and so onif unlike portions of the similar party are predisposed in unlike methods by the eventualities residing upon them, then it may be suitable for them to be unionise d differently,Best Practice ModelThe best-practice Model supports a universalistic standstill all companies forget understand performance progress if they accept it. There are three key essence of best-practice concepts that should be should be stated. first base of all, the models improve ply capability and information through decent mental facultying and teaching. The spot point is inspiring desired conduct through durable enticements. Lastly, boost concepts and influence from interested and improved employees. The benefits of this kind of model can be seen on its simple best practice. Next is the acknowledgment of corrupt practice. The tertiary benefit is creating guidelines of thumb for choices training evaluation approaches. Lastly is that there is no requirement to invest again.Harvard FrameworkThis is the modest and practical way of plotting the fag out and resources of men and females in an dust of rules and stressing the major alterations.Gathering and examining facts at the organization and in the area.Gathering baseline information.As a preparation and use of tool for plans and programmesAt the problem searching flesh of mean, earlier an preventative is planned.To measure the effects a programme may have strike and describe at least(prenominal) twelve human resource charge activities that would be conducted within the false organization.Induction heedInduction forethought aids staffs to experience every decimal point of atmosphere of organization and a starter to his group and others. It leave behinds them the policy of recognizing and understanding the values and identifying Who is who. It is such a stage which str and so ones a hint of whole Organization in that gnomish date.Training precautionTraining Management denotes to the practice of rendering exercise, workshops, training, mentoring, or other learning occasions to staffs to motivate, contest, and inspire them to achieve the roles of their position to the finest of t heir accomplishment and within criteria established by state,Compensation and benefitsCompensation comprises not yet income, but also the internal and external compensations and benefits the staff is given with in return for their input to the company. To decide compensation, companies should make a benefit and rewards vomit up. This theatrical role of project summarizes a reasonable procedure for paying staffs. A fine-structured project with a good stability of wages, paybacks and rewards will aid a company to stay and sustain competitive in labor market.Performance ManagementPerformance anxiety is the procedure of generating a work atmosphere or setting in which individuals are permitted to achieve to the finest of their abilities.Attendance ManagementIt is the promoter for following and collecting data about how much period a staffspends on the work setting.Recruitment ManagementRecruitment is the sue of searching and enticing skilled candidates for employment. The procedu re starts when new staffs are essential and finishes when their applications are passed. The outcome is a pool of submissions from which new workforces are proposeBenefits ManagementBenefit direction comprises generating and exe interrupting benefit policies for existing staffs or presenting new policies to job applicants. Most of this benefit schemes are intended to cut charges for the customer while freehanded the most rate to job applicants.extra time ManagementOvertime is the times that staffs work above 40 hours for the duration of week. Overtime is calculated through a whole labor week, not on a everyday basis.Workforce PlanningWorkforce planning is single one of the most significant subjects that human resources specialists are verbalize about today. Its the way of planning systematically desired subroutine of staffs in an organization.Employee SurveyTechnique of gaining straight view of workers by giving them a chance to namelessly answer inquiries written in a questio nnaire. retail store Interview and ProcessThe formal discussion that takes place among a staff and an HR officer or a director to know the reason(s) the staff is resigning.Employee Skill ManagementAcollectionof vitalabilitiesthat comprise the harvestingof aninformation base,proficiencylevel and mindset that is progressively essential for transactionin the up-to-dateworkplace. Employability expertise are naturally considered important credentialfor manyjobpositionsand hence have become essential for apersonsemploymentachievement at just about any stage inside thecompanys environment.Select one of the models and describe the stupor this model would have on the human resource management activities of the simulated organization.The best impact model could be a good model to adapt in a company. This kind of model will provide the human resource department to train staffs for better capabilities. These skills or capabilities would be useful not only for the workers but also for the comp any as well. It will render efficient work, hence, providing clients satisfaction. Incentives will also be given to provide encouragement. Opinions and suggestion from employees will be get so that improvement of the working environment can be engaging and peaceful for both partiesDefine personnel management and human resource management.Personnel ManagementManagerial discipline of employing and evolvingstaffs so that they grow into hike valuable essence in theorganization. These comprises implementing job studies,development of staffneeds, and employment, choosing the involve person for the work, orienting and preparing, shaping and handling earnings and salaries, giving paybacks and incentives,evaluatingperformance, solve disagreements, and communicating with all staffs at all points.Human Resource ManagementHuman Resource Management (HRM) is role inside the company that focuses on employing of, organizing of, and giving direction for the individuals who work in the company.E xplain at least three differences between personnel management and human resource managementCriteriaPersonnelHRM1. DealCautious description of written agreementsWish to go afar agreement2. PoliciesSignificance of planning clear policiesIntolerance with the policies3. sanction to management achievementMethodsCompany-needPersonnel Management tries to uphold fair standings and set of employment, while at the similar time, proficiently managing personnel accomplishments for distinct sections etc. It is expected that the consequences from providing fairness and attaining efficacy in the running of personnel events will upshot eventually in accomplishing company success. Meanwhile, for Human resource management, is direct with the expansion and carrying out of people policies, which are joined with corporate policies, and guarantees that the values, ideals and system of the organization, and the worth, drive and commitment of its associates contribute entirely to the attainment of its o bjectiveBibliography around (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryp/g/perform_mgmt.htmAbout (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryo/g/overtime.htmAlan Price and HRM scarper Network contributors (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.hrmguide.co.uk/introduction_to_hrm/guest-hrm.htmBusiness Dictionary (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.businessdictionary.com/ comment/time-and-attendance.htmlixzz3IA3MJkMOBusiness Dictionary (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employability-skills.htmlixzz3IA91Kh3DChild Welfare (2014)Retrieved fromhttps//www.childwelfare.gov/management/reform/soc/communicate/initiative/soctoolkits/tdhr.cfmphase=pre-planningCommunity Foundations in Canada (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//hrcouncil.ca/hr-toolkit/compensation-overview.cfmEntrepreneur Media (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/exit-interviewKannan Personal (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//kannanpersonal.com/learning/management/contingen cy.htmlMedia Tec Publishing (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.workforce.com/articles/why-you-need-workforce-planningRecruiter (2014)Retrieved fromhttps//www.recruiter.com/i/human-resource-benefits-management/The World Bank Group (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/ remote/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/EXTTOPPSISOU/0,,contentMDK20590885menuPK1443270pagePK64168445piPK64168309theSitePK1424003,00.htmlUK Essays (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/management/features-of-best-practice-models-of-hrm-management-essay.phpWeb finance (2014)http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/personnel-management.htmlWhat is human resource? (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//www.whatishumanresource.com/hrm-vs-personnel-management book of account Press (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//corehr.wordpress.com/recruitment/induction/Word Press (2014)Retrieved fromhttp//corehr.wordpress.com/recruitment/88-2/

Differences between Windows Version 1.0.2 and 1.0.3:

Differences surrounded by Windows Version 1.0.2 and 1.0.3Windows interlingual renditionChanges amongst 1.0.2 and 1.0.3 moving-picture show makes* m ars nest characterisation quality when resizing the exposure on Windows Vista and 7, delinquent to regressions in most popular drivers* stark naked deinterlacers mental facultys ground on yadif and yadif(x2) algorithmsDecoders* Windows recitation digests this instant natively the WMA Professional codec, as itdidnt process in the packaged version of 1.0.2* Fix downmixing of particual 4.0 AC-3 sound recording tracksEncoders* x264 has profile-limitter, liketranscodevcodec=h264,venc=x264profile=baseline,level=12..Input* modify for appletrailers lua script* Fixes on the RAR stream tense* Fix for E-AC3 in ATSC/TS streams* miscellaneous fixes for v4l and v4l2* Fix a crash in mjpeg demuxerService discovery* lateborn udev staff for linuxQt4 phthisisr embrasure* Fixes on the play list and the stream sidetrack beautifys Translations* French, Galician, Korean, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Ukrainian updatesChanges between 1.0.1 and 1.0.2Decoders* Native sup way for WMA Professional, without the use of the Win32 dlls* Fix issues in subtitles, oddly SSA ones* mixed fixes on theora and oggDemuxers* assorted fixes for EPG punt in MPEG-TS demuxer* Fixes for potential passel overflow in .avi, .mp4 and .asf demuxers rag* Fixes for v4l2 devices* Fixes for dvb-c channels- seeQt Interface* Fix some playlist sorting issues mack OS X Interface* fixed a crash when updating VLC* repair a crash related to QTKit when crack television system files (10.6 only when)* Added the ability to play 2nd media in sync to the primitive item (input-slave)* Added the Quit after Playback featuremackintosh OS X Port* The Delete Preferences script is now delivered as a public Binarywith native code for PowerPC, Intel and Intel 64bit* Full 64bit run clock time compatibility on both mack OS X 10.5 and 10.6 no de clare for Goom and SDL limited text comment actualize This port is still considered as observational despite its binary release.Encoders* MPEG2 transrate stream output outside* x264 default-values closer to x264.exe defaults.* x264 rc- behaviour fixes if user defines qp-value, CQP-mode is used differently if user defines vb=0, CRF-mode is used other(a)wise ABR-mode is used* x264 set apart vbv-buf surface/vbv-maxsize better if user hasnt defined these ABR mode set vbv-max-bitrate=bitrate vbv-bufsize is bitrate * seconds between keyframes (keyint/fps)Playlist* Lua scripts for Mpora and Vimeo playbackUnix stimulates* Various fixes to change 1.0 to build on Solaris and OpenBSDTranslations* youthful Kazakh and Croatian translations* Lithunanian translation is visible(prenominal) on Windows* Galician, Korean, Nepali, Viet make waterse, Ukrainian, Brazilian, Arabic and French translation updatesChanges between 1.0.0 and 1.0.1Demuxers* Fix wmv/asf issues that caused audio to m ake* Various fixes for ac3, mp3, dts and stability for wav ricochetat* Fix seek in RTSP in conformity to RFC 2326* Fix Dailymotion entree script* Fix crashes in xspf files handler* Fix pursuit and timing issues in some flv files on Windows versionAccess* Add extra caching for files on network sh ars* master(prenominal)tain integer underflow in literal pseudo-RTSP module, discovered by tixxDZ, DZCORE Labs, AlgeriaDecoders* Fix seeking in mpeg2 television files* Improve SSA subtitles rendering* update most codecs for the Windows and macintosh versionMuxers* Fix sound recording of .flv files with mp3 audioQt Interface* theory to change the opacity level of the Fullscreen controller* Fix assorted crashes and VIDEO_TS folders start macintosh OS X Interface* Added options to disable back off for apple Remote and Media Keys* stock-still options for Volume, Last.fm password and Subtitle Encoding* bushel redraw issues when autosizing the word-painting windowpane* Preference s panel now includes help through tool-tips* more honest instruction and Messages panels* Fix various crashesWindows port* The ZVBI module is now available for Windows, for complete teletext bread and butterTranslations updates for Brazillian, French, German, Korean, Norwegian Nynorsk, LithuanianChanges between 0.9.9a and 0.9.10HTTP Interface* frozen(p) default ACL mac OS X* decided crashes on multi-screen setups* turn volume and subtitle encoding options in the Preferences* modify Information panel behavior, when playlist is not endangered* Fixed QTCapture input support for the latest iSight models* Added a menu-item to unlock the photo windows aspect ratio* Fixed redraw issues when autosizing the word picture window* modifyd libpng, libgpg-error, libgcrypt, fribidiVarious fixes to the following modules* entre HTTP, SMB updated and additional access scripts (BBC radio, dailymotion, ) Prevent integer underflow in Real pseudo-RTSP module, discovered by tixxDZ,DZCORE Labs , Algeria* stream out RTP, RTSP VoD, Mosaic Bridge* decipherer TSCCChanges between 0.9.9a and 1.0.0Important notes-* Alsa and OSS audio mesmerise has been removed from the v4l and v4l2 accesses. foresee Access for more info.* adjudge for mac OS X 10.4.x was trimped due to its technical limitationsPlayback* Instantaneous pa victimisation* Frame-by-Frame playback* Finer speed control* On-the-fly recording for all medias* Timeshift for most medias* RTSP trickplay support* Subtitles core improvements and fixesDecoders* in the buff AES3 (SMPTE 302M) decoder* fresh Dolby Digital Plus E-AC-3 (A/52b) decoder* forward-looking True HD/MLP decoder and parser* vernal Blu-Ray Linear PCM decoder* invigorated QCELP (Qualcomm PureVoice) decoder* alter Real goggle box 3.0 4.0 decoder* impudently WMA v1/2 fixed point integer decoder* closed(a) captions exploitation the SCTE-20 standard atomic number 18 now decently decoded* expediency of WavPack decoder to support all integer mode s and float mode* department of corrections on 5.1 and 7.1 channel decoding and orderingDemuxers* sanction for Dirac, MLP and Real movie in Matroska files* study improvements in RealMedia files opening (.rm and .rmvb)* Improvements of the TS demuxer for M2TS files from Blu-Ray and AVCHD* Metadata for mod files be supported* GSM codecs in Wav files are supported* New raw audio demuxer supporting raw PCM streams* New Dirac demuxer for raw Dirac streamsEncoders* Dirac encoding using libdirac (supported in Ogg and in TS)* Shine mp3 fixed-point encoderAccess* RTSP au whencetication with Darwin cyclosis Server* On-the-fly gzip and bzip2 file decompression (except on Windows)* Playback for mental picture in uncompressed multi-RAR archives* DVB-S and ATSC cards support on Windows* New OSS and Alsa accesses. The v4l2 and v4l modules no longer supportOSS or Alsa audio input. Use input-slave alsa// or oss// if needed.* DVB scanning on linux* EXPERIMENTAL Blu-Ray Disc and AVCHD Folders sup port* On-the-fly zip file decompression and browsing (MRL of the formzip//file.zip/file.avi to specify the file the development form ofzip//file.zipfile.avi is not supported anymore)* Opening of any file var. using fd//* MTP device access on Unix* CD-Text support on the cdda module (CD-Audio)* start-time and stop-time can handle sub-second valuesInputs* Mouse cursor support in x11 and win32 screen modules* interpenetrate module now features partial screen capture and common mackerel following onWindows and mac OS X.Playlist* merchandise the playlist in HTML* Lua script for BBC radio playback* Better metadata handling and readingLinux/Windows interface* Global Hotkeys on Windows and Linux* Various fixes for skins2 interface* latter(prenominal)ly played items list* Interface toolbar customizations* Various Improvements on the Qt interface much menus actions Finer speed slider Improvements on many negotiations New dialog for plugins listing Fixed-size mode for pics Better Te letext, trickplay and encrypted streams control* Better integration in GTK environmentsMac OS X Interface* Controllable by the Media Keys on current-made Apple keyboards (brushed Aluminium)* Reveal-in-Finder practicableity for locally stored items.* Easy addition of subtitles through the idiot box menu* Additional usability improvementsStream output* Restored the old mpeg2 transrating module.* multiple bridge-in instances are now possible.* bridge-in can be used to configure a procurator stream.* Remote Audio Output Protocol (AirTunes) module.* Fixed mosaic memleak. Mosaics are now usable again.Maemo Port* New Maemo port with an interface based on Hildon mannequin. scaler based on the swscale_nokia770 library.Windows CE PortEXPERIMENTAL work for the winCE port has been through with(p).Mac OS X Port* EXPERIMENTAL 64bit support* Speed improvements by using llvm-gcc* New document icons by Dominic Spitaler* Support for latest iSight modelsAudio output* Removed obsolete Esound and humanities plugins* Surround support for PulseAudio tv set output* Effects (cube, torus, etc.) removed from OpenGL video output* Video is able to stay in original size and to zoom in fullscreen(hotkey o) while keeping black borders* Image video output has been rewritten into a video- dawn named scene.The old image video output has been removed.* Support for scaling and converting video chromas with FFMPEG imgresample waswithdrawn due to sources. manoeuvre use the newer FFMPEG swscale rather. multifarious* Invmem, a fake codec to display images from external applicationsNew Localization* Khmer* Mongolian* SoraniChanges between 0.9.9 and 0.9.9aMac OS X* Updated multiple 3rd ships company libraries to keep in sync with the Win32 port* Playback fixes for PowerPC-based MacsChanges between 0.9.8a and 0.9.9Decoders* Experimental new decoder for Real Video 3.0 4.0Demuxers* Various fixes related to real demuxerMac OS X Interface* Fixed circumstances, which could lead to an empty Info rmation panel crinkle that VLC go away show information on the currently _selected_ iteminstead of the currently _playing_ item, if the playlist is visible in themain controller window.* Fixed multiple UTF8 issues in the Streaming / Exporting conjurerMac OS X Port* alter video playback murder on Intel-based MacsNew Localizations* Indonesian* Bengali* Updates of other localizationsVarious bugfixes* Support for receiving RTP packets on odd port numbers.* Lots of small bugfixes.* conciliate Fullscreen behaviour on Multi-Screen setups on Windows* Telnet fixes on Windows* Resampling fixes when transcodingChanges between 0.9.6 and 0.9.8a security measures update* Fixed buffer overflow in Real demuxer (SA-0811, CVE-2008-5276)Bunch of small bugfixes.Changes between 0.9.5 and 0.9.6New Localizations* Ukranian trade protection updates* Fixed overflow in CUE support from VCD access (SA-0810, CVE-2008-5032)* Fixed overflow in RealText subtitles support (SA-0810, CVE-2008-5036)Changes betw een 0.9.4 and 0.9.5 tribute updates* Fixed buffer overflow in TiVo demuxer (SA-0809, CVE-2008-4686, CVE-2008-4654)* Fixed libpng CVE-2008-3964 in Win32 and MacOS buildsFeatures* Closed Caption EIA 608/708 parsing enabled for libmpeg2Various bugfixes* Fixed various potential crashes and memleaks* Fixed issues with reading from files (especially non-local)Windows port* Fix bug where interface was eating some media keys* Fix some crashes in DirectShow accessQt Interface* Fix bug when the resetting of preferences didnt reset the dialog states* Right-click menu to select playlist columns reenabled* Various fixed in playlistAccess* MMAP module is now deactivated by defaultTranslations* Update of Brazillian, Swedish translationChanges between 0.9.3 and 0.9.4Various bugfixes* Crashes fixed in ogg, vobsub, dvdread* Fixes several(prenominal) remembering leaks.Mac OS X port* Apple machines without quartz Extreme are no longer supported (use 0.9.2 or ahead )* Fixed a crash with deletion of o ld preferences.* Fixed targetname for downloaded updatesWindows port* Stability fix for the video output.Changes between 0.9.2 and 0.9.3Various bugfixes* Fixed delirium tremens channel order on 5.1 systems* Fixed pausing behavior for subtitles and for Audio-CD* Multiple subtitles and podcast fixes* Various crashes fixed in PS, SSA, mkv, xspf, freetype* Fixed update system bugs* Other bug fixes (dvd language selection, subtitle colours, HTTP keep-alive+)Mac OS X port* Fixed ffmpeg slowness on PowerPC-based Macs* Fixed crash on startup when fixed on old preferences* Fixed bug in directory opening on Mac OS X* Fixed font selection in the uncomplicated Preferences* Thicker border to the subtitle renderer* Fixed the appearance of playlist items in the Streaming/Transcoding Wizard* Fixed AC3 passthrough on Mac OS X* Fixed behavior of the Volume Normalizer settings on Mac OS X* Removed the deprecated QuickDraw video output module to quash crashes onmodern Mac OS X versionsWindows port* Fixed sensitivity of Fullscreen ascendency* Fixed error messages on startup when VLC wasnt correctly uninstalledbefore generalisation* Fix showing of controller when returning from fullscreen playback* Multiple directory and path place fixes.Qt4 interface* Added Faster/Slower icons to the controller panel* Fixed doomed playlist columns when switching the playlist view* Added needed options to Simple preferences (to avoid NVIDIA drivers issues)* Fullscreen controller added time label, remembering of last position* Fixed dragn drop behaviour on the playlist* Multiple other fixes (Enter hotkey in preferences, Skins selection)Changes between 0.9.1 and 0.9.2* Restored the old behavior of sout-keep. It is now de-activated by default.* Skins2 interface repaired on Windows.* Multiple bugfixes.Changes between 0.9.1 and 0.9.0* Multiple bug fixes.Changes between 0.8.6i and 0.9.0Important notes-* This release will need Windows 2000 and Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), or more youthful to work correctl y* The HTTP interface is now only available on the local machine by default.If you want to make it available from other machines, you will have toedit the .hosts file. On UNIX/Linux, the file is in /usr/ make do/vlc/http/.hostsIf youre using the old http interface, its located in/usr/ plowshare/vlc/http/old/.hosts On Windows they are in CProgram FilesVideoLANVLChttp.hosts andCProgram FilesVideoLANVLChttpold.hosts On Mac OS X, you can find it in VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/http/.hostsand respectively in VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/http/old/.hosts* This version of VLC contains a new interface for Windows and Linux.This interface has a fullscreen controller and simplified preferences.This interface lacks the Streaming Wizard that used to be present in VLC0.8.6, only provides basic profiles.* The behavior of sout-keep was changed. Its now activated by default.* The marq, mosaic and logotype commands in the rc interface changed. Theynow require a target name as their first argument. Examplevlc sub-filter emailprotectedmarquee=Hello -I rc You can then use commands like test marq-marquee GoodbyeIf you didnt name the object using test, its name will default to theplugin name (hence marq) in this example.These new commands are also available in the telnet interface.* The rtp access output module has been removed.Please use the RTP stream output instead, e.g.Old stdaccess=rtp,mux=ts,dst=239.255.1.25004,sapNew rtpmux=ts,dst=239.255.1.2,port=5004,sap* You now need to append m3u-extvlcopt to your command line to enableEXTVLCOPT options parsing in m3u playlists. Note that only a limited setof options is available to m3u playlists (CVE-2007-6683).* The old accessurl syntax is no longer supported to resolve ambiguitieswith some file names. Use access//url instead.E.g. vlcquit - vlc//quit udp239.255.12.12 - udp//239.255.12.12* The ffmpeg module has been removed and replaced by the new avcodec,avformat, swscale (or imgresample if you use a swscale-less ffmpeg build)and post proc modules.* The web plugins ActiveX (IE)/Firefox/Mozilla/ campaign now recognize thefollowing states IDLE/CLOSE=0, OPENING=1, BUFFERING=2, vie=3, PAUSED=4,STOPPING=5, FORWARD=6, slow-witted=7, ENDED=8, ERROR=9. With FORWARD andBACKWARD being reserved for future implementations and are thus notfunctional atm.* Croping and padding in transcode are now done using the croppadd videofilter. For exampletranscodevcodec=mp2v,vfilter=croppaddcropttop=20,cropbottom=30,paddleft=100* Canvas setting in transcode is now done using the canvas video filter.For exampletranscodevcodec=mp2v,vfilter=canvaswidth=640,height=480* swoop video output module has been removed.ChangesSecurity updates* Updated libfreetype on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1806, CVE-2008-1806,CVE-2008-1807)* TTA Parser improvements (CVE-2008-3732)* MMS Access Module improvements (CVE-2008-3794 )Playlist* Vastly improved playlist support* Media library creation to save all your playlist items* kick the bucket search* Shout cast TV listings* Audioscrobbler/Last.FM support* Album art support* user definable Lua playlist scripts. See share/lua/playlist/README.txt(Default scripts open YouTube, Daily head, metacafe, Google Video andlots of other URLs)* User definable Lua album art fetcher scripts. See share/lua/meta/README.txtInputs* Video for Linux 2 (V4L2) input support* UDP-Lite transport for RTP/AVP* DCCP transport for RTP/AVP* Proxy support for MMSH stream* JACK audio input support* Input run time option (improved live stream recording)* BDA devices access module for DVB-C/S/T capture cards on Microsoft Windows* Re-written Screen access module for Mac OS Xusing OpenGL instead of QuickDraw* Screen module now supports partial screen capture and mouse following on X11.* Experimental EyeTV access moduleThis requires the user to install a plugin to EyeTV.app(available as a disunite download).* Simple RTP input (with MPEG A/V, G.711 and PCM support).* RTMP input support* QTKit-based Input module for Mac O S X allowing display and streaming of videotaken from all iSight-labelled video cameras (no audio support)* HTTP access now supports gzip compressed data and Digest AccessAuthentication.* New options to reduce latency between arrival of raw data and display offrames. (auto-adjust-pts-delay and use-stream-immediate)Demuxers* MP4 gpac and Apple chapter support* Fixed playback of AIFF stereo files* Fixed audio bug on seek* Improved FLAC demuxer (duration / current time / meta data)* AAC tags support* caricaturev1/2 tags support* Improved ID3v2 tags support* Improved Ogg/Vorbis tags support* Raw video support* Standard MIDI File (types 0 1) support* TiVo series 2 support* CD+G karaoke Files support* MXF files support* OMA supportDecoders* VP60/VP61/VP6F/VP62 support* Flash Screen Video support* CamStudio Screen Video support* DosBox Capture support* Karl Mortons Video support* limited atrac3 support* Fraps support* Fluidsynth MIDI software synthesis (with external sound fonts)* New codec FOURCCs to support more specific filesAvid, FCP, Sony, Samsung, * H.264 PAFF support* DNxHD / VC-3 support* NellyMoser ASAO support* APE (Monkey audio) support* RealVideo support (with the RealVideo run-time)* Dirac video support using libschroedingerSubtitles* Closed Caption Decoder (DVD, ReplayTV, TiVo, DVB/ATSC)* VBI EBU (Teletext) support (*nix, Mac OS)* Ogg/Kate subtitles support* AQTitle subtitles support* MKV USF subtitles support* HTML-based subtitles support* MPSub subtitles support* JacoSub subtitles basic support* MPL2 subtitles support* Rewrite of ASS/SSA scripts and subtitles support* PowerDivx (.psb) Subtitles support* Realtext subtitle support* DKS subtitle support* SubViewer 1.0 (SubRip09) subtitles support* Correct Right-to-left languages in subtitles supportEncoders* Flash Screen Video support* Improved H.264 encoding speedVideo outputs and filters* New CoreAnimation-based output module (VLCKit framework on OS X only)* Adjust, Invert and Distort (now split i nto Wave, Ripple, slope andPsychedelic) video filters can now be streamed* New puzzle video output filter* Re-written motion detection video filter* New extract video filter (extract Red, Green and Blue components from avideo)* New sharpen video filter (increase the contrast of adjacent pixels)* New exhaust video filter (removes logos from a video)* Enhanced subtitles renderer to support bold, italic and some HTML tags(Google Summer of Code Student project)* Support for RGBA and I420 blending.The latter improves Mosaic CPU usage *a lot*.* New transparency mask video filter (for use with the mosaic_bridge module).* New bluescreen video filter (for use with the mosaic_bridge module).This was previously part of the mosaic module.* Fixed random characters bother in RSS filter.* Add rotate-deciangle for more precision on rotate filter* Support for Intel SSE2 instruction set in chroma converters* Improved use of Intel MMX instruction set in chroma converters* New croppadd and canvas vi deo filters.Audio outputs and filters* Replay gain support* Audio playback when going bumper-to-bumper/faster (with pitch correction vianew scaletempo audio filter)* New spatializer audio filter* Correct DTS output via S/PDIFStream output* RTSP for TS-multiplexed broadcast streams* New RTP payload formats* Speex voice audio codec* ITU T.140 (for text, subtitles) output* G.711 (both A-law and -law) output* UDP-Lite transport for RTP* DCCP transport for RTP* Lots of fixes for RTSP broadcasting* RTMP outputInterfaces* All* New Simple Preferences dialogs showing the most important settings in anend-user suitable way.* Improved user interaction* Improved mouse gestures* Vastly improved Update checker* Full support for meta data editing (ID3v2, Ogg/Vorbis, AAC, APEv1/2)* Windows/Linux* Brand new interface for Linux and Windows, based on the Qt toolkit* Fullscreen controller (transparency on Linux+Composite)* Mac OS X* Improved video output features* Online access to VideoLANs Help Wiki within VLC* New setting to disable the Recent Items service* When playing tuner (live) streams, the current track is shown correctly* Correct appearance on Macs using Aquas graphite theme* Simplified Extended Controls panel* Ncurses* Correctly displays panoptic characters when using an UTF-8 locale,if libncursesw is available.* Some nice colors if the terminal supports it (most do)* Experimental Lua interface modules. See vlc -I lua andshare/lua/playlist/README.txt for more info.* Unix* Option to allow only one running instance, using D-Bus interface.* D-Bus Interface implementing the MPRIS(Media Player Remote Interfacing specification), a common dbus controlinterface for media players that intends to become an xdg standard whenfinished http//wiki.xmms2.xmms.se/index.php/Media_Player_Interfaces .* Motion module using disk accelerometers to keep video horizontal* Plugin to set Telepathy presence message using MissionControl* Fixed VLM schedule time on LinuxLinux Port* VLC now compl ies with the XDG Base Directory Specification version 0.6http//standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-0.6.html(which manner that VLC doesnt use the $HOME/.vlc directory anymore)Mac OS X Port* Mac OS X Framework VLCKit that can be used to introduce VLC in third partyapplications (Google Summer of Code Student project, Mac OS X 10.5 only)* New text renderer based on quartz replacing the existing Freetype solution* Complete compatibility with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard* It is now required to compile a fully featured build* The support of Mac OS X 10.3.9 and QuickTime 6.x was discontinued.LibVLC* Event management and various improvements in libvlc(Part of a Google Summer of Code Student project)New Localizations* Finnish* Persian* Polish* Punjabi* BulgarianDevelopers* LibVLC now supports externally built plugins properly.A vlc-plugin pkg-config package is provided.* Java bindings are now built from a separate source.Changes between 0.8.6h and 0.8.6i-Security updates* Fixed int eger overflow in WAV demuxer (CVE-2008-2430)Various bugfixes* Fixed option to use shared memory within the GLX video output module* Improved galaktos-based audio visualizations on FreeBSD* Miscellaneous bugfixes in multiple modules and in libvlc(transcode stream output, OSD menu video filter, VCD input,SAP service discovery, http control interface)* Updated Polish translationChanges between 0.8.6g and 0.8.6h-Security updates* Updated GnuTLS and libgcrypt on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1948,CVE-2008-1949, CVE-2008-1950)* Updated libxml2 on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2007-6284)Goodies* Updated libebml and libmatroska on Mac OS X. Reliability improvements.* Miscellaneous bugfixes in multiple modules and in libvlc(ftp access, record access filter, video filters, RC interface,playlist demuxer, IP networking, MPJPEG muxer, stream outputs)* Improved support for MPEG2 content created by Final Cut Pro* More reliable audio reception for MPEG TS streams* Fixed a regression in 0.8.6g where us age of the snapshot feature could leadto an unexpected application event* New Serbian translation* Updated Romanian translationChanges between 0.8.6f and 0.8.6g-Security updates* Removed VLC variable settings from Mozilla and ActiveX(CVE-2007-6683, VideoLAN-SA-0804)* Removed loading plugins from the current directory(CVE-2008-2147, VideoLAN-SA-0805)* Updated libpng on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1382)* Fixed libid3tag denial of service (CVE-2008-2109)* Fixed libvorbis vulnerabilities (CVE-2008-1419, CVE-2008-1420, CVE-2008-1423)* Fixed speex insufficient boundary check (CVE-2008-1686, oCERT-2008-004)Various bugfixes* Fixed various memory leaks, improving stability when running as a server* Fixed compilation with recent versions of FFmpeg* Correctly parses SAP announcements from MPEG-TS* Fixed AAC resampling* The Fullscreen Controller appears correctly on Mac OS X,if the Always-on-top video option was selected.Changes between 0.8.6e and 0.8.6f-Security updates* Really fixed subti tle buffer overflow (CVE-2007-6681, CVE-2008-1881)* Fixed Real RTSP code execution problem (CVE-2008-

The Fluid Mosaic Model Of Membrane Structure

The Fluid Mosaic Model Of Membrane constructionThe fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is a cadre membrane that be beats like a two- dimensional liquid of motley composition. The mobile phone membrane is described to be fluid because of its hydrophobic components that ar incorporate into the membrane structure such as lipids and membrane proteins that move sidelong th bluntout the membrane. That means the membrane more like a fluid. The membrane is referred to as mosaic because like a mosaic that is made up of many discordent separate the carrel membrane has a mixed composition of lipids and proteins. The cell membrane gets it fluidity because the phospholipids in a true cell membrane atomic number 18 not bonded to one an new(prenominal). Each phospholipid particle has a head that is attracted to water that is pointing toward the outside of the cell membrane, making it hydrophilic, and a tail that repels water forming the inside of the bilayer, making it non-polar h ydrophobic, but this is, on an singular basis, relatively weak. Proteins and substances such as cholesterol become embedded in the bilayer, but the plasma membrane has the lie downency of vegetable oil at body temperature, so the proteins and former(a) substances ar able to move crossways it. The molecules that ar embedded in the cell membrane similarly coiffe a purpose. For example, the cholesterol that gets stuck in there gets the membrane more stable and prevents it from solidifying when your body temperature is low. Carbohydrate chains attach to the outer come on of the cell membrane and form glycoproteins and glycolipids. These carbohydrates are specific to every person, and they append characteristics such as your blood type.Functions of FollowingRibosomesRibosomes are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are both protein synthesizers and contain ribonucleic acid but they differ in their composition. This is why some antibiot ics stern take advantage of this release to kill prokaryotes (bacteria) while not harming eukaryotes (ourselves).Prokaryotes are single-celled and they have no pith. In prokaryotes the ribosomes are free floating in cytoplasm because they have no nucleus. Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that is inside the cell membrane. It holds all in all the organelles of a cell. These floating ribosomes are the protein synthesizers and contain ribonucleic acid (ribonucleic acid).Eukaryotes are organisms that consist of one or more cells and normally have a nucleus. The nucleus is the organelle in which chromosomes are stored and protected from the activities that occur in the cells cytoplasm. In eukaryotes the ribosomes are contained within the nucleus. Ribosomes are attached to the outer surface of the rough endoplasmic second stomach (ER) and free in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes make polypeptides that thread into the interior of the ER as they are assembled. The synthesis of RNA and protein i s the main perish of ribosomes. The RNA and proteins grumble the nucleus by atomic pores that are in the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is made up of two membranes. These membranes have holes that are called the nuclear pores. This is how the proteins and RNA exit the nucleus and move on to the liberalisation of the cell or are dispersed outside the cell.Endoplasmic ReticulumThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is part of the endomembrane system, which is an extension of the nuclear envelope. There are two separate that make up the ER, the smooth ER and the rough ER. These two parts of ER are continuous with each some other.The rough ER has thousands of ribosomes that are attached to it. This makes the ER appear bumpy under an electron microscope enormous it its name. It is a network of flattened sacs and tubes or channels in the cytoplasm formed by highly folded membranes. The rough ER is a leng thening of the protein synthesis for those proteins that are to be enamoured from the cell. The newly synthesized proteins are transported to the lumen, inside of the ER, where they can begin to be modified into their complex shape. The proteins are then transported by dint of the lumen of the rough ER to the smooth ER where make headway butt against of the protein may occur.The smooth ER has no ribosomes to give it the bumpy carriage so it is referred to as smooth. Since there are no ribosomes, it does not make protein. Although, some of the polypeptides made in the rough ER end up as enzymes in the smooth ER. It is more tubular than rough ER and has a separate network of functions. Its main function is to make lipids, enzymes, and other proteins destined for secretion, or for insertion into cell membranes. It too plays a bighearted part in detoxifying and recycling pay offs, as well as other specialized functions.Golgi ApparatusThe Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened sacs with vesicles pinching take from the edges This organelle has a folded membrane that typically looks like a good deal of pancakes. It receives many of the vesicles produced by the smooth ER. Vesicles are small organelles formed by a pocket of membrane pinching off from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and from the other end of Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins made by the ER before direct them out to the cell. Proteins enter the Golgi on the side by the ER and exit on the opposite side that faces the plasma membrane of the cell. Proteins are further processed along the way and become modified and packaged for transport to various locations within the cell. Some proteins will be packaged in vesicles for secretion from the cell while other proteins will be packaged to produce other organelles such as lysosomes that are used for cellular digestion. The finished products are transported by the vesicles that carry them to lysosomes or to the plasma membrane.LysosomesLysosomes are membranous sacs of enzymes that bud from the Go lgi. Lysosomes have various roles. Lysosomes serve as vessels for waste disposal. They contain powerful enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids in cellular digestion. They also serve as vessels for recycling the cells organic poppycock. Enzymes inside them break large molecules into smaller subunits that the cell can use as building material or eliminate.In humans, a variety of inherited conditions can go lysosomes. These defects are called storage diseases and include Pompes disease and Tay-Sachs disease. People with these disorders are missing one or more of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. Abnormal storage causes incompetent functioning and damage of the bodys cells, which can lead to serious health problems, including death.victimization the Data Analysis Exercise at the top of page 75 in the textbook, answer the following questionsAbnormal Motor Proteins Cause Kartagener SyndromeAn deviate form of the motor protein dynein causes Kartagene r syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by degenerative sinus and lung infections. Biofilms form in the thick mucus that collects in the airways, and the resulting bacterial activities and inflammation damage tissues. Affected men can produce spermatozoon but are infertile Some have become fathers afterward a doctor injects their sperm cells directly into orchiss. Review Figure 4.25, then explain how abnormal dynein could cause the observed effects.Observe how the abnormal protein dynein alters flagella. wherefore would this abnormal protein cause a build up of mucus in ones airways?Kartagener syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a mutated form of a protein dynein. People that are affected by this disease have inveterate irritated sinuses, and mucus build up in the airways to their lungs. Bacteria also forms in the thick mucus. The disease typically progresses to overt bronchiectasis during late childhood or early adulthood and can ultimately causes chronic respirator y failure. This disease is affected by the cilia and flagella which are appendages offering from the body of most eucaryotic cells. Motile cilia line the upper and lower airways of the lung. Motile cilia are rod-like organelles that extend from the airway cell surface and move the mucus by synchronised beating. There are about 200 motile cilia in the respiratory tract of a healthy individual. They are responsible for stool of the cell itself or the generation of fluid flow, such as mucus. Beating coordinately, these cilia function to remove mucus and debris from the airway in a process called mucocilliary clearance. When the cilia malfunction, there is buildup of mucus and debris in the tract, which leads to respiratory difficulties. Immotile or respiratory cilia cause defective Mucociliary Clearance, because of the lack of uniform ciliary movement to transport particles, or mucus in or out of the organs or cells.Why would this cause infertility unless the sperm were artificiall y injected into egg cells?Males that are affected by Kartegener syndrome can produce sperm, but they are infertile. Sperm count is typically normal, but sperm are immotile overdue to the absence of dynein flagella or motility is severely limited due to a shortening of the flagella. Some can still become fathers with the do of a procedure that injects sperm cells directly into eggs.

Study Proposal: Causative Mutations in Optic Neuropathy

Study Proposal Causative Mutations in Optic NeuropathyOptic neuropathy refers to de factorration of optic middle. It is often described as middle cachexy that bureau loss of few or most of optic face vulcanized fibers 1. It house be symmetric or bilateral based on unhealthful or nutritional ( vitamin B12 or folate deficiency) insults and ge give the sackic defects 4. In genetically inherited optic atrophies, retinal ganglion cells and optic brass section fiber mold ar damaged. This damage can be focal (affects macular beam of optic memorial tablet) or generalized 6. The axons of retinal ganglion cells arise from retina and from optic nerve. The optic nerve enter cortex via optic magnetic disk where input signal is bear upon into vision. The retinal ganglion cells or nerve cells of inner retina form 1.2 million nerve fibers 1. The key features of optic neuropathy results from death of these nerve cells or neurons.Autosomal recessive optic atrophies (ROAs) indicate los s of nerve fibers that form optic disc, optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tracts net bookmark. The only key feature of marooned ROAs is optic nerve degeneration. To date defects in genes coding for mitochondrial proteins leads to isolated ROAs 4.The genetically inherited atrophies can be familial that follows Mendelian pattern of heritage (X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant) or non Mendelian (mitochondrial) 2. In autosomal recessive Mendelian pattern of inheritance, two copies of mutant allele in affected person and one copy of mutant allele in carrier are surrender. When two carriers mate, there is an equal chance (25%) of creation affected and unaffected. There is a 50% chance of being heterozygous (unaffected carrier). But in autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, affected souls cave in one mutant copy of allele so e precise individual has 50% chance of being affected or being normal.In the pure congenital autosomal recessive optic atrophy, symptoms like opthalmic impairment appear very too soon and are present at birth or appear in firstly year of life. abnormal individuals are severely impaired visually leading to visual constipation or complete blindness. It is never associated with neurological disorders. It can be diagnosed very early, usually before the age of 4 years. Fundus examination reveals optic disc pallor temporally or bilaterally. A cupping may bugger off with age 3. Affected individuals suffer from central scotoma, photophobia and also get down red green color confusion 6. Family history is critical for diagnosing Hereditaryopticneuropathies from clinical signs to diagnosis.Clinical diagnosis involves fundoscopy, visual field testing, fluorescent dye angiography, optical coherence tomography scan of the retinal nerve fiber layers, color vision analysis and standard electroretinogram. Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed 4.To clinically distinguishes it from LHON flourscene angiogra phy was done which fails to show each peripapillary microvascular changes, beside this retinal activity is also normal corroborate by electroretinogram. Pathology of arOA is confirmed by testing visual evoked potential which was gibely absent in affected individuals. Central or cecocentral faults are diagnosed with visual field testing. Lesion in the fovea or papillomacular bundle leads to cental scotoma which in the end affects the central fixation. Thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer is diagnosed through optical coherence tomography scan 3, 4, clinical diagnosis. Papillomacular bundle leads to the denotation of cecocentral sctoma towards blind spot.There is no effective treatment for optic atrophy because degeneration of nerve fibers is irreversible process. Although further damage can be prevented by early diagnosis and by treating underlying causes of the disorder net bookmark. As environmental factor play their exercise in every aspect of life likewise in this disord er alcohol role and smoking should be strictly prohibited Hereditaryopticneuropathies from clinical signs to diagnosis. Genetic counselling and seemly certifiedness of people is very important to prevent such(prenominal)(prenominal) genetic disorders without any effective treatment.New therapies are being develop by designing animal models or by clinical mental testing on affected humans these therapies mainly focuses in preventing oxidative stress. living creature models have been designed for testing the various treatments in case of Leber transmitted optic neuropathy Treatment of hereditaryopticneuropathies.arOA is divided into syndromic and non-syndromic form, syndromic arOA involve multiple organs other than midriff which are effected just like wolfram syndrome 6, net bookmarks. dapple in non-syndromic optic nerve is affected only and it also shows familial transmission more than one members of alike(p) family can also be affected Hereditaryopticneuropathies from cli nical signs to diagnosis.OPA 6 and 7 are the two loci which are characterized till now, novelty in any one of two leads to arOA. disease causing gene has been localized at chromo near 8q21q22 (Zmax of 3.41 at h0 for D8S270). D8S1794 and D8S1702 markers present on OPA6 in a 12Mb interval 6. OPA7 containing 40 know genes, only one gene TMEM126A screened as a causative agent of non-syndromic arOA 4, 7. TMEM126A is homozygous nonsense mutation characterized as first known mutation in case of isolated arOA, this gene transcribed into mitochondrial transmembrane protein.TMEM126A helps in early nucleation of mitochondrial complexes that is why it is also termed as mitochondria-localized mRNA (MLR) protein. It play important role in function of retinal ganglion cells by arranging protein complexes essential for the proper functioning of RGCs. It is hypothesized that TMEM126A may accelerate the rate at which protein complex assemble, which other occurs slowly that ultimately affect high e nergy demanding RGCs. While in other tissues the effect of this mutation may be substituted by several(prenominal) other protein of TMEM family 4, 7.TMEM126A transcribe single ubiquitous transcript of 770bp that contain total five exons four coding and one non-coding exon. TMEM126A present on chromosome 11 and its span is 8.5 kb. Testis, foetal retinal pigmentary epithelium (RPE), fetal retina, brain (whole), cerebellum, fetal brain and skeletal muscle are the sites where strong expression of TMEM126A has been observed. solid amount of specific mRNA in the ganglion cell layer, optic nerve head, the outer ellipsoide length of photoreceptor inner segments, and the outer plexiform layer is detected by the process of insitu hybridization in mouse i.e. 8 month old. In the photoreceptor outer segments and outer nuclear layer (ONL) no labeling is noticed. Mitochondria specific of import subunit of the ATP synthase is Immunolocalized on retinal sections of the same mouse which resulted into the same pattern of expression. So it is confirmed that TMEM126A transcribe mitochondrial localized m RNA. gene linkage analysis is the process helps in finding mutation or gene resulted into arOA. Potential functionality of genes with their chromosomal location is associated through this statistical method. During chromosomal recombination markers present fuddledly or on the same area on chromosome entrust remain attached together are transmitted as such in offsprings this idea is exploited in linkage analysis. If in an individual disease gene is transmitted along with some specific markers it means disease causing gene is present close to these markers. Those disorders that follow Mendelian inheritance pattern can easily be analyzed through this process 5.This study will be the first step which further helps in identifying the causative gene responsible for arOA in Pakistani population and also help in designing cure tools for the benefit of affected persons. By conducting these type of studies we can also aware our population about such type of rare disorders.

Night :: essays research papers

     A Night to Remember     The round traumatic experience Ive ever gone through was getting held up by three Mexicans. In some ways I wo my actions. If I had it my way, I would go back and handle myself a attraction differently. Luckily, this situation now makes me think more when Im in other distort situations.     It all started Halloween night 2001 in Dallas, Texas. My girlfriend, Tamara and I were driving from her house to tap for the night. It was about a thirty-minute drive and somewhere along the way we got separated. Tamara called me about five minutes from my house and told me there were some guys following her. I said "okay, well meet me in front of my house and Ill imbibe who it is. I thought it would be a bunch of high schoolhouse punks. Tamara pulled up to my house and so did a red Ford Taurus. speckle pulling in the Taurus pinned Tamaras car in so it couldnt move. Thats when these guys really st arted pissing me off. The guys in the Taurus didnt realize I was there because I had my lights off so I turned my brights on and speed in front of there car and got out and yelled "What the fuck be you doing following my girlfriend." After saying this I looked into the car and realized that these guys werent in high school. They were three adult Mexican males who didnt look too felicitous with the words I had spoken. After a brief pause the military personnel from the passenger seat got out of the car and shouted "what the fuck did you skilful say to me?" I froze in total shock as he pulled a throttle on me and told me he was going to shoot me. I was totally numb at this point, as anyone would be. He then started holler that I wasnt such a big existence now and that I was just a punk ass white boy. The man started request me what I thought about dieing and asking me if I wanted to die. I responded surprisingly calm and said "no sir, I dont want to die, and Id like to live". The man must have asked me if I wanted to die a dozen or so times. The man continued to walk around ranting and raving and shouting at me. While walking around shouting he was waving his gun in my face which was making me very nervous.

Essay --

racial compose has become a prodigious and controversial issue across the nation nowadays. In general, racial pen is defined as discriminatory behaviors of law of nature enforcement officers that target throng for unbelief in breaking the law solely based on their lean or ethnicity in the belief that certain nonage groups have a higher chance to engage in unlawful behavior. It is often discussed in the context of occupation bumps by local or raise police officials. African Americans argon the number one targets and victims of this law enforcement strategy. Racial profiling is not only wrong, unfair and discriminatory, but also a form of racism and a violation of the rights of African Americans, therefore law enforcement strategy needs to come to an end. The most frequent use of racial profiling is in traffic stops, it deals with situations when minorities were stopped, interrogated or appeared because of their feed or ethnicity. single law enforcement agent who profile s uspects solely on the basis of hie or ethnicity violates the rights of those minorities. When race and ethnicity become factors in suspicious behavior, the civil rights of racial and ethnic minorities as a group are violated. Many members of minority groups across the nation have been claiming that police often use traffic violations as a pretext to stop a vehicle to check other possible crimes, such as drug and/or weapons violations, specially African Americans, have long complained that the police, especially in suburban areas, stop them. For example, one of the scholarly articles on this issue states The stopping of black drivers, in effect(p) to see what officers can find, has become so common in well-nigh places that this practice has its own name African A... ...t apparent issues with racial profiling is that it violates the Constitution. According to the Fourth Amendment, American citizens are supposed to be protect from unreasonable searches and seizures (Feder, 2). Thus, most cases of racial profiling are violating this Constitution because the race of a person is not a reasonable justification to search someone. In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment states deny to any person within its legal power the stir protection of the laws. which suggests that all citizens are to be equally tough under the law. If this was the case, then everyone should have been treated equally, however, the fact is that African Americans are more probably to be searched by police and less likely to be treated as law-abiding citizens while white people are being treated the opposite way. This is conflicting the concept of equal protection.

The Artistic Aspect of Architecture Essay -- Architectural Building Ar

The Artistic Aspect of ArchitectureArchitecture is undeniably one of the most powerful forms of art. Buildings have the ability to loom in the distance when seen from afar. As you approach it more and more details posterior be seen. Minute intricacies such as stone quality, texture, and perhaps whatever ornate detailing become app arent. Even standing at a doorway can provide some involved feelings. Does the build expect to invite the watchman inside with elaborate carvings and an open view to the inside? Or does it intimidate the viewer with its massive proportions making them feel unnoticeable and trivial? When inside the computer architecture as a medium the viewer is surrounded by and grasped within its walls and ceiling. This quality is one unique to architecture because it is the only form of art to totally surround its viewer with such magnitude. Whether one turns to the left or right, looks up or down, ceilings or walls are constantly presented to the viewer w ho stands amidst the intended space and substance.A line is worn-taboo between buildings erected to serve a mere function and those which are do to integrate an influential quality into all who happen to see them often through use of extravagance. The latter can be propelled into greatness base on whether or not they are successful in carrying out with this vision fortune forth by their creators. This is what sets apart an routine building from an impressive and monumental wonder. It is interesting to note how a building is set apart from others of its time when this building is made to represent the people as a whole. Of course this building will surpass the more ordinary ones juxtaposed within the city. Of course the society or ruler would like to put their best ... ...d and venerated being. On the other hand, Judas fate of damnation is channelisen by his contact with the devil clutching him. A final statement is made in the Scrovegni Chapel on behalf of all the bu ildings discussed here. God is depicted at the conduce of the altar dispatching Gabriel. God is placed at the top to honor Him and show His superiority to all that enter the chapel. Mans yearning to transmogrify God (or gods in the case of the Pantheon) has been the key driving force in the construction of many fabulous buildings. Granted there are those that set off from this pure motive in order to satisfy self-glorification through the artwork, scarce basically the root of all these wonders is the chance to glorify the Supreme Being. It is wondrous to see the end results now and witness how art is so more than a part of worship and of the success of architectural organization.

Kants and Aristotles Ethics Essay -- Philosophy, Philosophers

To be good is good but it has to be make for the right reason. Aristotle and Kant atomic number 18 two famous philosophers who have disparate estimable theories. The theorys of virtue and duties rest not only on laws and obligations but from what comes from the inside. Morality comes from inner strength, character and how we exit our life to the beaver end.Aristole 384-322 b.c.e. Aristotle conceptualized the branches of philosophy and contributed to the theories in logic, metaphysics, ethics and political philosophy (book 237). Aristotles teleological ethics the reason for being. Aristotle focused on the peoples actions whether good or bad, as well as their character, not there right or amiss(p) actions. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) branches of philosophy included contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics. Kants deontological ethics, a duty based ethics. His focus is on rational testament and a conception of self-governing reason, and not what broad of person one should be (Betzler 7). The bases of Aristotles and Kants theories are different. Aristotle believes when you do some social function it comes from the virtues you have, while Kant believes there is always a reason behind actions. However, both(prenominal) agree that time and practice is required to develop virtues (betzler 50). Another thing they have in common is that both of them focused on peoples actions and why people performed those actions. Whether, it is happiness or good will we are on the whole completing an action to the end in order to have a good life. Aristotles Strength is his belief in moderation (Book480). Aristotle believes the eventual(prenominal) goal in life is to be happy and people will do what makes them happy. He defined the highest good as eudaimonia (Chaffee 477). To a... ...n different ways to achieve an end. However, I believe that Kants theory is closely likely correct because it includes everyone and not just what makes an individua l happy. Although, Kants views are a bit extreme when it comes to rules, we all have to have rules to run low by we cannot just go out and do what makes us happy. I do like the Golden Rule better mainly because that is what my great-grandmother us to tell me all the time and it is a good rule to live by.Works CitedBetzler, Monika. Kants ethics of Virtue. Berlin, DEU Walter de Gruyter, 2008.Broadie, Sarah. Ethics with Aristotle. Cary, NC Oxford University Press, 1993.Chaffee, John. The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically close Profound Ideas. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2009.Kupperman, Joel. Ethics and Qualities of Life. Cary, NC Oxford University Press, 2007.

AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

The media is full of assist stories these days. Articles in different newspapers and magazines headline the ending of celebrities, new support tests, and controversies some who should be tested, promising advances in the explore labs, and frustrating and tragic paradoxs of heading with the disease using the treatments available today. back up is non only pervading the newspapers and magazines, except the television fare as well, not only the news items and features, that also in dramas sitcoms and soap operas. aid has become an impetuous the Tempter that has wrapped up society in its terrible claws through the fears it has promoted, the multitude it has affected, the true truth of the disease and the consequences it has brought upon its prey.With every this media coverage, it appears as though acquired immune deficiency syndrome is the number one wellness problem facing the world today. In opinion polls, this disease now rivals genus Cancer and blindness as the hea lth problem most pack fear. The pervading of aid have prompted a reexamination of our beliefs and customs and have ch whollyenged our laws and social institutions (Mathews 21).At first glance, the statistics do not seem to support this heavy emphasis. The centre of all the aids cases report in the United States has continued to rise, reach more than 160,000 by the prohibit of 1990, and the number of aids cases worldwide is tight to a third of a meg (Hull 22). These numbers may seem impressive compared to the number of deal who gather to watch a institution Series game or the Super Bowl and in reality they are. Yet each twelvemonth three-quarters of a trillion Americans die of tenderness disease and close to a half million die of cancer, piece of music the total of aids cerebrate deaths in the United States in 1990 was to the highest degree 30,000. In 1990, aids class-conscious 10 among our top leading causes of death. Worldwide, aids tolls are only a fraction of the 200 to 300 million new cases and 2 million deaths from malaria each year (Silverstein 47).Why all the attention to aids, then? It is vindicatory the latest media hype, playing on our emotions and needlessly building up our fears? thither are several reasons why people have reacted so emotionally to aids.First of all, it is a new disease. Cancer, optic disease, and malaria have been killing people ever since there have been world on earth, but scientists did not even find out intimately aids since 1981.AIDS shrive AIDS Essays The media is full of aids stories these days. Articles in different newspapers and magazines headline the death of celebrities, new aids tests, and controversies about who should be tested, promising advances in the research labs, and frustrating and tragic problems of coping with the disease using the treatments available today. Aids is not only pervading the newspapers and magazines, but the television fare as well, not only the news items and features, but also in dramas sitcoms and soap operas. Aids has become an impetuous monster that has wrapped up society in its terrible claws through the fears it has promoted, the people it has affected, the true reality of the disease and the consequences it has brought upon its prey.With all this media coverage, it seems as though aids is the number one health problem facing the world today. In opinion polls, this disease now rivals cancer and blindness as the health problem most people fear. The pervading of aids have prompted a reassessment of our beliefs and customs and have challenged our laws and social institutions (Mathews 21).At first glance, the statistics do not seem to support this heavy emphasis. The total of all the aids cases reported in the United States has continued to rise, reaching more than 160,000 by the end of 1990, and the number of aids cases worldwide is close to a third of a million (Hull 22). These numbers may seem impressive compared to the number of people who gather to watch a World Series game or the Super Bowl and in reality they are. Yet each year three-quarters of a million Americans die of heart disease and close to a half million die of cancer, while the total of aids related deaths in the United States in 1990 was about 30,000. In 1990, aids ranked 10 among our top leading causes of death. Worldwide, aids tolls are only a fraction of the 200 to 300 million new cases and 2 million deaths from malaria each year (Silverstein 47).Why all the attention to aids, then? It is just the latest media hype, playing on our emotions and needlessly building up our fears? There are several reasons why people have reacted so emotionally to aids.First of all, it is a new disease. Cancer, heart disease, and malaria have been killing people ever since there have been humans on earth, but scientists did not even find out about aids since 1981.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Wiglaf :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf Wiglaf Wiglaf, along with Beowulfs other warriors, watches Beowulf insertion his battle against the dragon. When the fight seems to be turning against Beowulf, however, all of the warriors except Wiglaf -flee. Wiglafs purpose in the poem, however , is more than simply someone to dish Beowulf. Wiglaf is the model of a computable warrior, and as a good warrior, Wiglaf demonstrates the richness of heroism to society and the necessity of loyalty to ones kinsman and overlord. He is willing to saccrifice his life to reciprocate the gifts which he received from his lord, but hitherto more important, he symbolizes the need for cooperation between warrior and lord in separate to preserve society against overwhelming odds Wiglaf also demonstrates the responsibility of the good warrior, a contrast to the cowardly warriors, who represent all that sciet shoud not emulate. later on Beowulfs Battle with the dragon, Wiglaf reprimands the warrioirs who fled. Such cowardice, he says, reveals a national helplessness and is an invitation for their enemies to attack. Wiglaf reminds them that the loss of Beowulf means no more gifts, a loss of place down rights and everything that makes life joyous. Wiglaf emphasizes that death is preferable to a life without a lord without a lord, man is adrift in a hostile world. During Beowulfs battle with the dragon, the poet tells us that Beowulf is not "un goddamn", and after the battle during Wiglafs flack to revive the old Warrioir, the poet reminds us that God not only has the baron to preserve heroes in battle, but also to take life from them. He is saying at times, God dispenses victories, and at other times heroes recidivate their lives. Here, Beowulf loses his life. God allows Beowulf to avenge himself against the dragon and fight the good fight, but we mustiness always remember a key idea of the heroic tag a hero mustfight- even thoughhe knows that he fights against fate. Although Wiglaf is only a youngish warrior when he inherits the kingdom, heknows that the cowardice of the Geats will lead to their downfall. Other tribes who hear most the warriors failure to protect their king will surely covey down upon them, hoping to take revenge for past hostilities. In short, Wiglaf is a doomed man. Hw has inherited a longstanding feud, and he must lead a people who seem inable or unwillingly to fight.

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded - Sexuality and the Morally Didactic Novel :: Pamela Virtue Rewarded Essays

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded - Sexuality and the Morally didactical NovelWe have difficulties as a modern audience appreciating the kindly anxieties mull overed in Pamela, especially those surrounding morality and valuation of individuals within the cordial framework. The radical stance of even using phrases such as law and fortune to denote Pamelas virginity are themselves loaded with a questioning of the brotherly stratification in which she resides. The term Fortune is perhaps the most playful but problematic. In it the issue of the commodification of Pamelas virginity is implicated, while at the same time gaining its authority within the framework of the novel through a Protestant ethic of infixed individual worth apart from social stratification. Complicating this issue of commodification is the range of bolshy or Weberian readings of the novel that place it within a conflict mingled with the working and aristocratic classes. Pamela is unmistakablely placing value in her protestant ethic rather than her social standing, it being more pride to her that she come of such honest parents, than if she had been innate(p) a lady (Pamela 48) and in the same letter looking slightingly on her fellow servants. My analysis will take as primal the moral issues in Pamela, but this is done with a cognizance that how we reflect on Pamelas morality is also closely related to how we read the economical and social aspects of the novel. There have been many works written in receipt to Pamela, some attacking the eroticism of the novel and others the social deconstructionism it implies however, the most emphatic is likely to be the Marquis de Sades literary response in Justine (1791) and Juliette (1797). As weve already seen in Fantomina, the erotic novel is not something new to the 18th century, and examples such as John Clelands Fanny pile (1748) provide explicit materials to demonstrate that the pornography and sadism of the day were as explicit as our o wn. As Shamela illustrates, this erotic aspect of Pamela cannot be overlooked, especially with the physicality of aspects of the letter writing and the readers view of Pamelas body through this. David Evans describes this as the prurience of its pre-occupation with come alive disguised as moral guidance, and the travesty of Christian morality convoluted in showing virtue rewarded to mean materially rewarded in this life, not spiritually in the next one.

Tornado Essay -- Natural Disasters Weather

A crack is defined as a knock-down-and-drag-outly rotating column ex exding from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes argon capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of two degree Celsius and fifty miles per hour or more(prenominal). Damage paths jakes be more than superstar mile wide and fifty miles long. In an average year, eight carbon tornadoes argon reported nationwide, resulting in eighty deaths and over one(a) thousand five hundred injuries. In the body of my essay, I allow for tell you about types of tornadoes, where tornadoes come on from, where and when tornadoes occur, the damage they inflict, variations of tornadoes, and how to detect tornadoes.There are many types of tornadoes. The average tornado is usually split up into categories establish on the strength of the tornado. Most tornadoes, about sixty nine percentage 69%, are considered weak, which means they usually last between one minute and ten minutes, clear winds less than one hundred and ten miles per hour, and the percent of deaths that occur during these is less than five percent. Strong tornadoes, about xx nine percent 29%, may last about cardinal minutes, have winds between one hundred and ten and two hundred and five miles per hour, and the percent of deaths that are found are about 30 percent of all tornado deaths. The last category for tornadoes is violent ones. With these comes winds great than two hundred and five miles per hour, they can last about an hour, and have seventy percent of all deaths from tornadoes. Another type of tornado is cognize as a waterspout. This is a weak tornado that forms over loosen up water. They are most common along the Gulf Coast and southeast states. In the western United States, they occur with cold late pop off or late winter storms, during a time when you least calculate it to develop. They occasionally move inland becoming tornadoes that can cause a great deal of damage and many injuries. Most tor nadoes evolve from faculty. Tornadoes come from the energy released in a thunderstorm. As powerful as they are, tornadoes line for only a tiny fraction of the energy in a thunderstorm. What makes them dangerous is that their energy is concentrated in a small area, possibly only a hundred yards across. Not all tornadoes are the same, of course, and information does not yet completely understand how part of a thunderstorms energy sometimes gets focused into something as small as a tornad... ...ms development all the information they can obtain from last maps, modern weather radars, storm spotters, monitoring power line breaks, and so on.These are all important tornado facts and reasons of why this phenomenon occurs. Tornadoes are natural disasters that we can not do anything about, we just have to learn to live with them and be smart about how we approach them. There is no preventing a tornado from occurring so we must merely take all the precautions so we entrust be safe.Bibl iographyRosenfeld, Jeffrey O. Eye of the Storm Inside the Worlds Deadliest Hurricanes, Tornadoes, and Blizzards HarperCollins Trade Sales Dept, January 1999Robinson, Andrew, hide out Shock Hurricanes, Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Tornadoes and Other Forces of Nature Themes & Hudson Ltd., September 1993Tufty, Barbara 1001 Questions Answered about Hurricanes, Tornadoes, and Other ingrained Air Disasters Dover Publications, Incorporated, August 1987Verkaik, Arjen Under the Whirlwind Whirlwind Books, March 1998Miller, Norman How A Whirlwind Works Geographical Magazine, June 1999Comptons Encyclopedia Online www.comptons.comSKYWARN Online www.skywarn.org

August Wilsons Rose: Surviving the Love and Deception Essay -- Litera

Alan Nadel in May All Your Fences Have furnish Essays on the frolic of August Wilson states August Wilsons female characters are represented as nurturers (6-7).This is exactly how August Wilson presents ruddiness to his readers. A key element is that Wilson call her after a flower just as his own develop whose name was Daisy. It is apparent that through Rose, August Wilson wants us to see his mother. He intentionally portrays her as the caring, ideal woman, and angiotensin converting enzyme who stands by her man no matter how difficult this may be. Nadel also mentions What differentiates them is how they interpret the concept of nurturing, and what sacrifices they cause to make in the process, for Wolfsons world is always necessarily one of scarcity and limitation (6-7). Evidently, Rose is instrumental, coercive, caring and very nurturing. This is how women were anticipated to be in this era. Although Rose is submissive at the beginning of the play, she becomes a powerful woman at the end. Rose proves this when she decides to raise Raynell and by becoming concern in the church. Rose first marries troy weight because she knew he would provide for her and the children they would beget someday. Rose is determined to make her marriage work, even if it means large-minded up a little bit of herself in the process. She was certain she would be able to make Troy happy. The fact that Troy is older and positive is an important factor. Troy provides the stability that she needs. Rose was willing to be submissive as long as Troy remained faithful. Her kind-heartedness was profound. Rose took care of Troy for many years. Her nurturing ways were what made her who she was, the always caring wife, mother, and friend. Everyone who knew Rose knew s... ...right for her family. Rose rarely thought of herself. Her dream of a happy marriage would no longer be. Could she somehow relate to this poem?What happens to dream deferred? By Langston H ughes Does it alter up interchangeable a raisin in the sun?Or fester like a sore---And then run?Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over---Like pasty sweet?Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.Or does it explode?Fortunately for Rose, she did not explode. At the end of the play she fluent has her pride. Works CitedHughes, Langston. What happens to a dream deferred? Poem, 1951.Nadel, Alan. May All Your Fences Have Gates Essays on the Drama of August Wilson. Iowa City U. of Iowa Press, 1994. Print.Wilson, August. Fences. New York Theatre communications Group, 2007. Print.

Essay --

What Is a Real Woman? Criticism of Existing form Positive Advertising Thinner and melt offner models are being utilise in combination with Photoshop, creating an impossible kayo ideal that is affecting the bodily and emotional health of women in our society. The typical fashion model presented in advertisements has protruding hip bones and an androgynous corpse shape due to dangerously low body fat. They are slimmed and smoothed further in images by the use of Photoshop. The documentary MissRepresentation points let on, you never see a scoot in the media of a woman considered beautiful that hasnt been digitally neutered to make her absolutely inhumanely perfect. Since the 1980s, the quest to be thin has shifted from eliminating excess weight to eliminating bulges, or flesh that wiggles (Slender Body 191). It is no longer enough to be thin. The ideal body is also toned, bolted down, and maintains menage bodily margins (Slender Body 191). This nearly impossible beauty caden ce is reflected and enforced by advertisements showing emaciated models selling products to smooth out bumps, reduce wrinkles, or tone the body. The medias depiction of female bodies has a detrimental influence on womens perception of themselves and has come infra fire in recent years. Girls growing up in our media nonsensical culture internalize societys ever-thinning standard of beauty, believing that they smoke never be slender enough. The negative effect of the media has been linked to the bedspread of eating disorders (Never Just Pictures, Thompson). This has led to a public exclaim against impossibly thin, airbrushed models and a demand for more honest advertising. The movement toward body positive advertising is a response to the damaging eff... ...ove, it still rejects fourth-year and disabled women as beautiful. It also renders women with imperfect skin or tattoos as unacceptable. Although Skinnygirl claims to show the average woman in their advertisement, they stil l only signify a limited demographic.Although presented as body positive, Dove, M&S and Skinnygirls advertising campaigns using real women still subscribe to existing beauty standards to maintain firm body margins and reject certain body types as beautiful. Even if well intentioned, advertising for beauty products is inherently not a good place to start the body positive movement because it relies on the consumer feeling like they need to improve themselves to buy the product. Instead of focusing on how to make ordinary women feel beautiful, the focus should shift out-of-door from the body. Women should not feel as if their beauty is their self worth.

The Real Macbeth :: essays research papers fc

Say Macbeth and the first thing that comes to mind is probably the take by thefamous playwright, William Shakespeare. This classic story has become a backbone ofhigh school English literature classes around the world. However, few bulk realizethat there was a real king Macbeth who lived long forward the Shakespearean characterevolved. In fact, the only verity of historical fairness in the play is King Duncans death atthe hatful of Macbeth. The real Macbeth was not exactly as weak and no-winas Shakespeare portrayed him. The real Macbeth had reasons for murderingDuncan, had a successful sovereignty, and had a very unalike defeat.The real Macbeth was born a grandson of King Kenneth II who ruled from971-995. His begetter was Finlay McRory who was a Mormaer (lord) of Moray. His mothers name was Donada but it is unknown whether she was the young wo human race of King Kenneth II, Kenneth III, or Malcolm II. He married Grauch (Lady Macbeth), a descendant of King Kenneth III, who ruled from 997-1005. Lady Macbeth already hada son, Lulach, by a first marriage to another Mormaer of Moray. Becoming king in ordinal century Scotland was not strictly hereditary. Therewas a practice called thanistry. This meant that noble chose kings from a largeselection of possible kings called thanes. In theory, thanistry should have worked. besidesin practice, what often happened was that the strongest and most cunning of thethanists would rise to power. As a result, the best person did not necessarily becomeking because thanistry supercharge open conflict as well as the assassination or reigningkings and other thanes (Scotland 4). But, the real Macbeths murder of KingDuncan I in 1040 in a battle, was seen more as a slap-up move than as a catastrophe. Duncans rule in Scotland was not the golden age as described in ShakespearesMacbeth. In truth, Duncan was described by Arthur M. Gunn as an impetuous andspoiled young man whose six years of kingship brought glory neither to S cotland norhis family. (Famous Scots 2) This differed from the public vexation that was scene inShakespeares Macbeth when innocent King Duncan was murdered in his sleep.Unlike, the Shakespeare Macbeth, the real Macbeth was a powerful andsuccessful king who ruled for cardinal years. He had enough power to leave on anexpedition to capital of Italy in 1050 and then return to reign seven more years. That was aremarkable achievement in those times. Contrasting, Shakespeares Macbeth had avery unsuccessful monarchy. He is so caught up in his guilt that he doesnt have time

The Business Model Essay -- Business Management Essays

The Business Model Michael Lewis (2000 pages 256-257) scoffed at the whole attempt to formalize the rendering of business models when he wrote that Business Model is one of those terms of prowess that were central to the Internet boom it glorifies all manner of half sunbaked plans. All it really meant was how you planned to make money.In an abstract of his musical theme A Mesoscopic Approach to Business Models Nano Research on Management print in Economic Issues in China Dr. Junyi Weng stated that Business Model, a well known important and extensively white plagued term by media, management consultancy and business top managers, is just in an embarrassment that there is no consensus about its definition and few papers in faculty member periodicals.He designed and discusses his conception of business models based interfaces interacting in intragroup and exterior business environments. Peter Weill, Thomas W. Malone, Victoria T. DUrso, George Herman and Stephanie Woerner of MI T in their paper Do Some Business Models Perform Better than others? A Study of the 1000 Largest US Firms agree that the concept of business models is bit widely discussed is seldom systematically discussed. The paper then proceeds to want a conceptual framework for comprehensively classifying business models. These consist of quadruplet basic types of business models (Creator, Landlord, Distributor and Broker), which are each broken subdue into four variants accordance with type of assets they deal in (physical, financial, intangible and human). thus giving rise to 16 specialised business Model types. professor Michael Rappa like many others prefer to present a comprehensive and weighty taxonomy of basic categories as observed on the web as follows brokerageAdvertisingInfomediaryMerchantManufacturer (Direct)AffiliateCommunitySubscriptionUtilityHe however, does not believe that these are exhaustive and expects new and interesting variations in the future.KMLab Inc. offers an i nteresting definition a Business model is a commentary of how your company intends to create value in the market place. It includes that unique junto of products, services, image and distribution that your company carries forward. It also includes the underlying organization of tribe and the operational infrastructure that they habit to accomplish their work. In some ways... ...rocesses such as inventory management etc.Maybelline a company founded in 1915 is one of the largest selling color cosmetics line in the United States. Its sells finished outlets of almost every major mass-market retailer, such as supermarkets, drugstores, discount stores and cosmetics oddment stores. Its products are also available in over 70 countries worldwide.Maybelline uses a traditional model in its gross revenue distribution network, which is the use of sales representatives to canvass for business and to arrange for sales. The use of sales representatives who are employees makes this a Busines s-to-Employee-to-Business interface model.In the 1990s the company a traditional plaster company re-invents itself a click and mortar company through the use of ICTs.However, one innovation to the sales representative concept is Maybellines use of its representatives as market intelligence reporters, who actually serve as the look of the company to monitor the progress of its products and the way they are handled by the retailers as well as progress of competitors products.This is the trading/sales structure of the company, which cannot be said to be a new business model.