Benefits of Marriage Essay -- Social Issues, Love

Today less and less sight are getting married. Maybe they do this because they do not realize the benefits of marriage. Being in a marriage greatly benefits the emotional, physical and financial aspects of the children, spouse and ones own life. Although viewed differently reasons for marriage can really be narrowed tear down to two, marrying for love or marrying for more of a personal beneficial reason. The Emotional aspects of marriage play heavily in any persons life. though not always prevalent commonsense states that the best relationships sprout from a great depth of love. There is a recipe for a long lasting loving marriage. First, they essential love each early(a) profoundly and choose each other unswayed by outside pressure. From then on, each must make the partner the top priority in life, putting that relationship above any and all competing ties. A husband and wife, we believe, owe their highest obligations and deepest loyalties to each other and the children the y raise. Parents and in-laws should not be allowed to interfere in the marriage. Married couples should be best friends, sharing their most intimate feelings and secrets. They should express affection openly that also talk candidly about problems. And of course they should be sexually faithful to each other (coontz, 381).This recipe does not only extend to heterosexual couples but also extends to homosexuals if afforded the right to marriage. As stated by Andrew Sullivan in For Gay Marriage Homosexuals exist and have emotional and sexual attractions to the same sex as heterosexuals have towards the opposite sex (406). The emotional state of marriages affects more than just a spouse and ones self. Other financial benefits Children are deeply affected by ma... ...ied have 75% less wealth and those who divorced have 73% less wealth (Popenoe and Whitehead, 394).One might ask why marriage is such a wealth creator one theory is that those people that create wealth are more likely to get and anticipate married. Also the lowering of taxes is a big factor of why people get married. The sharing of insurance plan will most likely leave wealth. Although a small point it is still a point that a spouse does not pay taxes on gifts. If one should pass away amicable security benefits will go to the surviving partner. The State Of Our Unions states that marriage itself is a wealth generating institution and it does this through an economic scale as two people live cheaper than one, and as a long term commitment and contract it encourages economic specialization working as a couple people die skills in which they excel (394).

The Portrayal of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Women have gained equality with men over the many another(prenominal) centuries of the phylogeny of the modern western civilization. Hence, it cannot be overlooked that there still exist many literary examples of social disregard for woman potential. Joseph Conrads Heart of phantasma exemplifies the occidental patriarchal gender roles in which women are given the inferior status. Not only are women portrayed as being inferior to men, just Mar dispiriteds (the protagonists) rarely mentioning of them in his Congo adventure narrative symbolizes his view of their insignificance. There is a total of five women presented in Marlows narrative but only common chord of them are significant minor characters Marlows aunt, Kurtzs African mistress, and Kurtzs Intended. The following essay will examine how the presentation of each of these three women in Marlows narrative contributes to connecting events in the account. notwithstanding the infer view of women of his time, Marlows narrat ive indicates a more specified view of the value of women which suggest that they are all nave but with culturally hooklike personas. In presenting female characters, Marlow may have intended to add more essence to his narrative. Nonetheless, each of their appearances and his descriptions of them served to be metaphoric, yet powerful contributions to the story line. From the beginning, Marlow sends a assort subject matter to the reader regarding his position on the image of women. He relates how he tried the women after he found no man to help him fulfil his traveling and trading ambitions. He did something out of the ordinary for his time he went to a woman for financial aid. Because this woman is actually his aunt, one business leader make out that peradventure Marlow is not thankful enough to his... ...he associates her with having powerful qualities, she is still considered nave for not having expected departure from Kurtz. She displays sorrow and grief as she throws he r hands to the thresh about as the steamboat pulls away. Finally, Marlow uses Kurtzs Intended to support his view of women as being accurate. In order to save their fantasy cosmeas, Marlow argues that men can stoop as low as lying. In unique ways the three significant female figures influence the development of Marlows story but they do not influence the home of the story which is Marlows exploration of the darkness of the human soul. Preserving the beautiful world of women as Marlow suggests denies women journey into the Darkness. Their role is therefore limited to their cultural environment and their own world because they might not have the strength to handle all the difficulties and temptation. The Portrayal of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness EssayWomen have gained equality with men over the many centuries of the evolution of the modern western civilization. Hence, it cannot be overlooked that there still exist many literary examples of social disrega rd for woman potential. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness exemplifies the Western patriarchal gender roles in which women are given the inferior status. Not only are women portrayed as being inferior to men, but Marlows (the protagonists) seldom mentioning of them in his Congo adventure narrative symbolizes his view of their insignificance. There is a total of five women presented in Marlows narrative but only three of them are significant minor characters Marlows aunt, Kurtzs African mistress, and Kurtzs Intended. The following essay will examine how the presentation of each of these three women in Marlows narrative contributes to connecting events in the story. Despite the generalized view of women of his time, Marlows narrative indicates a more specified view of the value of women which suggest that they are all nave but with culturally dependent personas. In presenting female characters, Marlow may have intended to add more essence to his narrative. Nonetheless, each of their app earances and his descriptions of them served to be metaphoric, yet powerful contributions to the story line. From the beginning, Marlow sends a clear message to the reader regarding his position on the image of women. He relates how he tried the women after he found no man to help him achieve his travelling and trading ambitions. He did something out of the ordinary for his time he went to a woman for financial aid. Because this woman is actually his aunt, one might argue that perhaps Marlow is not thankful enough to his... ...he associates her with having powerful qualities, she is still considered nave for not having expected departure from Kurtz. She displays sorrow and grief as she throws her hands to the sky as the steamboat pulls away. Finally, Marlow uses Kurtzs Intended to support his view of women as being accurate. In order to save their fantasy worlds, Marlow argues that men can stoop as low as lying. In unique ways the three significant female figures influence the deve lopment of Marlows story but they do not influence the theme of the story which is Marlows exploration of the darkness of the human soul. Preserving the beautiful world of women as Marlow suggests denies women journey into the Darkness. Their role is therefore limited to their cultural environment and their own world because they might not have the strength to handle all the difficulties and temptation.

Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay -- Essays

Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr.Hence, segregation is not only politically, economically, and sociologically unsound, it is morally wrong and sinful. Martin Luther King, Jr., one of the greatest speakers in all of history wrote these words in his letter from Birmingham Jail (King 48). His great use of rhetoric affected largely the freeing of an entire race. During his work in the Civil Rights Movement, he visited a small town called Birmingham in Alabama, and wrote one of his most rhetorically compelling letters there. In this letter, he used diachronic evidence, scriptural references, descriptive vocabulary, and great organization of points to respond to grievances raised against his movement that he should wait, that he was breaking laws, that his peace brought on violence, and that his activities were extreme.Time will bring round all woundsright? This is what was thought by desegregationists. Martin Luther King, Jr. was told that he should just wait, and in time, African Americans would receive their rights. King wrote this in response Human be on never rolls in on wheels of inevitability it comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be co-workers with God, and without this hard work, time itself becomes an ally of the forces of social stagnation.(King 51) King knew that if he didnt fight, this wound wouldnt be healed. He used historical evidence in effectuate to prove his point. He verbalize, Just as Socrates matt-up that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of te... ...see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of unfavorable position beginning to form in her little mental sky He uses historical and biblical evidence to support his arguments. He organizes his arguments perfectly in order to persuade in the most effective way possible. King knew rhetoric. At the end of his letter, he finished up by showing his true suit for fighting his fight. He said, If I have said anything in this letter that overstates the truth and indicates an unreasonable impatience, I beg you to forgive me. If I have said anything that understates the truth and indicates my having a patience that allows me to settle for anything less that brotherhood, I beg God to forgive me.Works CitedKing, Martin Luther Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail. Massachusetts Heinle &Heinle, 2003.

The Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Toolkit Essay -- Ecolo

Sustainability has become a buzzword in lives of many Americans. The challenge with creating programs that promote and rise on the topic sustainability is that there does not appear to be a consistent definition for the term sustainable. In the study for Sustainable evolution (ESD) Toolkit, the authors suggest that sustainable development is generally thought to have three components environment, society, and economy. The well-being of these three areas is intertwined, not separate (McKeown, 2002, p. 8). Furthermore, McKeown contends that sustainability should be considered to be a effigy for thinking about a future in which environmental, societal, and economic considerations are balanced in the pursuit of development and improved quality of life (2002, p. 8). The ESD Toolkit outlines the iv basic priorities of ESD, which include improving basic education, reorienting existing education, public understanding and awareness as well as training (McKeown, 2002, p. 13). At the hear t of ESD programs is the subjective idea of implementing programs that are locally relevant and culturally appropriate (McKeown, 2002, p. 13). The toolkit itself is structured to provide an introduction into the theoretical concepts about sustainability, implementing the four priorities of ESD and practical skills that can be applied locally to address global issues. As a health educator, what would be particularly useful are the group activities found in the toolkit knowing to explain the concepts of sustainability. The activities are essentially a roadmap for introducing the overarching principles of ESD and activities to develop a program plan. The assignment was how to customize the toolkit to make it specific for teaching su... ...and Eastern Europe (REC). (February 2000). innovation What is a Local Environmental Action Program? In Guide to Implementing Local Environmental Action Programs. LEAP Local Environmental Action Programs in Central and Eastern Europe. Retrieved fr om http//archive.rec.org/REC/Publications/LEAP_Guide/LEAPIntro.pdf. Facing the future. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.facingthefuture.org/.Fleming, M et al. (2009). Ecological Sustainability What Role for Public Health Education? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6, 2028-2040.McKeown, Rosalyn. (July 2002). Education from sustainable development toolkit. Version 2. Retrieved from http//www.esdtoolkit.org/default.htm.U.S. Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.uspartnership.org/main/view_archive/1.

Carson :: essays research papers

CarsonI would like to thank Mr. and Mrs. Smith for asking me to cover today on behalf of Carson. First things first, everyone grab a tissue and wipe your tears. I know Carson is here right now and she is watching us sire up here and cry, I know she hates that. She hates it when anyone cries, so everyone cheer up, crying is not what she would have wanted. We are here to celebrate and commemorate the life of a truly wonderful girl. I never in a million years thought that one day I would have to say technical bye to such a wonderful soul. Carson, you were a shining light in my life for thirteen years. How can let you go with so overmuch of our lives left still to experience. I remember the first day we met truthfully I didnt get a good impression of you. You were wearing a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles t-shirt, I hated that cartoon. But you redeemed yourself by inviting me inside for snacks and a soda. It was only a matter of time in the lead we were on the front lawn selling lemon ade and playing house. I even broke my wrist in your backyard, boy did I feel stupid when everyone else could do a honesty and I couldnt. The countless sleepovers, bike rides, movies, and fights made our friendship flourish. Today, though I want to tell you about the Carson I knew. The girl who always put others before herself, the girl who loved, the girl who was beautiful inside and out. Carson was a straight A student who was very hard on herself, grades were very important to her. She also knew that at that place were those who didnt do well in school, so she would tutor anyone who asked. I know I would have never passed physics without her. Carson was a talented baby right from the start. She would give me chills when she played Beethovens 5th symphony on her piano. Oh yeah, did I mention she was also an extremely gifted artist. She put her mettle and soul in her drawings I always thought they were her essence sketched onto paper. She was athletic, one of the best soccer a nd tennis players I have ever seen. Carson spent hours on end practicing she was determined to be the best she could be. It never mattered what others thought of her ability, her self satisfaction was all she was aiming for.

Carson :: essays research papers

CarsonI would like to thank Mr. and Mrs. Smith for asking me to speak today on behalf of Carson. First things first, everyone grab a tissue and wipe your tears. I know Carson is here mightily now and she is watching us come up here and cry, I know she hates that. She hates it when anyone cries, so everyone cheer up, crying is not what she would have wanted. We are here to celebrate and commemorate the life of a genuinely wonderful lady fri expiry. I never in a million years thought that one day I would have to say good flip to such a wonderful understanding. Carson, you were a shining light in my life for thirteen years. How can let you go with so much of our lives left hand still to experience. I remember the first day we met truthfully I didnt get a good impression of you. You were wearing a adolescent Mutant Ninja Turtles t-shirt, I hated that cartoon. But you redeemed yourself by inviting me inside for snacks and a soda. It was only a matter of time before we were on the effort lawn selling lemonade and playing house. I even broke my wrist in your backyard, boy did I feel stupid when everyone else could do a cartwheel and I couldnt. The countless sleepovers, bike rides, movies, and fights made our friendship flourish. Today, though I want to tell you about the Carson I knew. The girl who always put others before herself, the girl who loved, the girl who was beautiful inside and out. Carson was a straight A student who was very hard on herself, grades were very important to her. She also knew that there were those who didnt do well in school, so she would tutor anyone who asked. I know I would have never passed physics without her. Carson was a talented child right from the start. She would give me chills when she played Beethovens 5th symphony on her piano. Oh yeah, did I mention she was also an extremely gifted artist. She put her heart and soul in her drawings I always thought they were her essence sketched onto paper. She was athletic, one of th e best soccer and tennis players I have ever seen. Carson spent hours on end practicing she was determined to be the best she could be. It never mattered what others thought of her ability, her self satisfaction was all she was aiming for.

Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Essay

PrinciplesEffective communication is the key for developing and maintaining positive human relationships with others. It helps launch trust and encourage others to seek advices and sh be relevant discipline. We stop strengthen or weaken someones trust in us by what we say and do. To strengthen a relationship, be honest and open with them, and try to realise their point of views. Help develop a relationship with youngsterren by doing things that build their trust in you. This lead show them how to trust others and be lose in a way which helps others trust them.Communication is a two way process and it is an active process that involves auditory sense, questioning, mind and responding. How we listen to others is just as important as what we say to them. The most impressive form of listening for building good relationships is empathic listening. empathic listening means listening with the intention of re whollyy find tabuing what the other person means and how the other pers on feels. make an effort to see things from their point of view, they will feel supported and understood, and atomic number 18 much more kindredly to open up and tell us about whats happening in their lives and how they feel. Effective communication is non just about the verbalize language we use, but also about the way we are speaking and the body language.If we all use effective communication, we are more likely to communicate discipline to one a nonher if we have positive relationship. Misunderstandings always lead to bad olfaction and resulted in multitude reluctant to give beneficial support.The principle of relationship building with infantren and adults are that if others are comfortable in our company, they will be more likely to communicate effectively. To build a positive relationship, mutual mention is essential. Respecting others means being pick outate towards them, thinkingabout their feelings and accepting that they whitethorn have dissimilar views and op inions to you. When you take all consideration to respect people, they would in invert respect you.Good relationship also involves giving to others, for example, your time, consideration, kindness etc. When we give, its most likely that others will give back and its a mutual benefit. Mutual benefit is about two people will try to find a way to cooperate with each other because they exigency each other to benefit and fall out the good relationship last. It may not always be easy to find a way that turn tail for both people, but if we take the time to understand each other, we are more likely to find a solution.Take time to listen to others. cogitate on what they are verbalise to show that you are interested and respond appropriately. Tune in to their body language to try to work out what they are feeling and expressing. Try to see things from their point of view. Understanding make others feel comfortable around us. We can help children to understand that everyone is divergen t and everyone see the earthly concern in different ways. If they accept and learn to value these differences in others, they are more likely to develop good relationships with others. In addition, the differences between the people in these relationships will inspire them to open their minds to creative ideas and new ways of thinking, and this build and strengthen a relationship.In pose to adapt our communication effectively, we need to understand who we are talking to and in different situations. The context of our communication makes a difference both in the way we engage with others and in the way they provide our communication. Hold conversations at the appropriate time and place. Formal occasions like ceremonies and business presentations require more formal language and dress. Informal occasions like hanging out with your family or friends allow you to be more relaxed and casual. Jokes and slang words exchange with friends may not be appropriate at the work place or in sch ool.Know your audience, think about cultural and language differences. Languageand the meaning of words have different meaning in different culture. Slang words can be normal in one culture can be offensive in another culture. However, the spoken word is not the only way in which we communicate to each other, its also the way we respond to others via email, notes, letters, phone messages and text messages. These non-spoken forms of communication can be an issue if they are misread by others, in that locationfore they require a conscious choice of words.We also need to consider the words we accept base on the audiences age, education, background and literacy level of the person we talk to. Use appropriate words that they can understand so they may be find more easier and comfortable to connect and communicate with us.Body language can be interpreted differently in different situations and different culture, for example, eye clutch is generally a good way to connect with the person we are talking with, but in some culture, its not polite to so.SkillsEffective communication is a vital part of a Teaching Assistants role. Its essential to send the right messages crossways to prevent any misunderstanding and offending others feelings, e specially children learn to communicate through the responses of others. To be able to have effective communication with children and young people, listening and building empathy are two of the essential skills for communication. Actively listen to the child that are trying to talk to you and make eye contact in a calm, open, non-judgemental, non-threatening way and use open questions to acknowledge what had been said. Make them know that you are interested in what they have to say and make them feel their contribution is trea convinced(predicate)d. When they are talking, give them sufficient times to process their thoughts and opportunities to express themselves. Some children need a little bit of confident to speak up and by accustomed some time to warm up, they will be able to do so.Be able to adapt styles of communication to the needfully and abilities of children and young people who do not communicate verbally, or communicate in different ways. For example, spoken language, visual communication, play, body and star sign language, study and communication technologies to meet the needs of the individual child or young person and their families and carers.Children should feel relaxed and comfortable in school to be able to have effective communication. We should encourage them to hold questions and put their ideas advancing, as communication is a two-way dialogue and process rather than a one-way flow of instructions. This can in turn build respectful, trusting and supportive relationship with children and young people.To have a positive relationship with children and young people, we will need to adapt our behaviours and communications accordingly. Different ages of children will have different r equirements. Younger children may need more reassurance, more cuddle and physical contacts while older children want more space to be independent and help and support to lead them on the right path. While traffic with children in a variety of different situations, we must also consider the individual needs of the children. Some children will need us to be extra patient for them to get a word out. They might be feeling anxious or nervous and need to take their times to ease themselves before speaking up. Or some children require a one-to-one dealing only they are comfortable to talk to the adult.In order to build an effective communication with children, the behaviour that we need to adapt are, tones of voice, gestures, body language, eye contact and showing respect. Although these behaviours are also similarities when communicating with adults, however, when communicating with children, we need to do so at the childs own level, be very net and unambiguous in what we say. Asking qu estion to check understanding, by showing understanding of the importance of giving attention so that the child feels that their contributions are valued and boost their self-esteem. Take time to listen to them and give them opportunity to encourage them forcommunication. Showing understating of the importance for them to express themselves and to be heard so that they will be able to express themselves with ease and in their own manners, words and time.When communicating with adults, we need to be respectful and consider their point of views, needs and preferences. Use mode that appropriate to adult than the methods that we use in children. We may have higher tones when speaking to a child and making funny voices to attract the childs interest, we may not do so when communicate with an adult. We also need to show understanding and respond positively to their views and suggestions, give information when requested. Ensure to them that there is organisational policy with respect to c onfidentiality and the exchange of information, importance of the confidentiality of shared information. Clarify any uncertainties in understanding. When communicate in an effective way we will build and effective and positive relationship with children, young people and adults.Its also important to adapt our communication style to meet the needs of other adults in a fair, non-judgemental and effective manner. For example 1. someone who speak English as an additional language We may need to speak slowly and repeat what we are saying and check their understanding. Or we may need to provide a interpreter if the information is punishing to convey. 2. Someone with a hearing impaired make sure to face the person when speaking to them and make eye contact so that they can lip-read. We may need sign language or someone who knows sign language to communicate with them. 3. Someone who has special needs in communication speak clearly and slowly or use visual aid such(prenominal) as pictur es, photographs, objects, symbols, written words and flashcards to make them more easier to understanding. Being sensitive and considerate to potential difficulties in communication is essential. Its important to be awake that people are different, many are come from different culture and adult can find communication difficult. Always respect others and their point of views and neer make assumptions and come to the conclusion of what others are trying to communicate with us.There will always be a time when you disagree with somebody, theyre lots inevitable. When disagreements build, conflict occurs. Managing conflict require skilful techniques. These techniques helps dealing with disagreements and the way we cope with it is important.Often disagreements are down to lack of communication with others and as a moderate result of misunderstanding. Always clarify the issued at hand and try to melt the situation as soon as possible. The longer a problem is allowed to go on, the more difficult it will be to resolve it. This could resulted in bad feeling for each other. When a disagreement arise with children, where they are being disobedient, we would have to point out the boundaries and explain in a calm but firm way that it is not wise to cross the boundaries. Sometimes adults may not have the same ideas and has their own perspective on what has caused the conflict. It is best we deal with the conflict with calmness, listen carefully to their point of view and politely put forward our point of view or may need to work alongside other to explain why things need to happen in a different way in school. If necessary take time to make an appointment with the parents or carers to discuss situation in further details to clear out any misunderstanding. Sometimes certain situation can be sensitive, always deal with the issues not the emotions and the people involved. We can also deal with a difficult situation with positive body language, approach and speak in positive manners, remain calm and polite to make others feel ease and willing to resolve any disagreement.RegulationsAnyone who work with children in any determinedting need to be aware that all information must be treated confidentially as stated in the selective information Protection Act 1998. It is important that all member of staff must be familiar with the legislation and follow the guidelines. The Data Protection Act 1998 is the law that protects personal privacy and upholds individuals rights. The act also gives rights to the people the information is about. By law, everyone in the workplace must follow the rules set out in the act and help to protect individuals rights. When working in childrens setting, there is certain information that has to be gathered in order to work effectively.However, we can only ask for information which is directly relevant, such as health or medical informationrecords from previous schoolsrecords for children who have special education needs.Contact nu mber and addressThe act helps to make sure that the information held on computers and in some paper-based systems is managed properly. We must protect personal information by following the eight principles of good employment processed fairly and legallyprocessed for limited purpose and in an appropriate wayrelevant and sufficient for the purposeaccurate and keep up to datekept for no longer than necessaryprocessed in line with the individuals rightkept secureonly transferred to other countries that have suitable data protection controlsConfidentiality is important within the school. All records are stored safely so that access is restricted to only those who are involved. We should not pass on information without following the correct procedures. It can have a serious allude on parents and their children. We are abusing our profession position by betraying their trust.It is essential that we reassurance parents that all of their information is kept in confidential manner. Assure t hem that information will not be discussed with anyone. If for some cases, information of a child needs to be share with other professional such as the social service, parent take on would need to be given. Although not all information is confidential. There may also be cases where information on pupils need to be accessible to all staff, for example, where pupils have specific medical conditions such as asthma, so that all staff are aware of these pupils.As a matter of good practice practitioners should inform children, young people and families about their services policy on how information will be shared and seek their consent. All information is strictly confidential except if we are made aware of the childs situation that may or has caused harm to them. For example when we suspect that the child is being abusedwhen there has been an injuries, illness or similar manner that medical staff need the information on how it might have happened the child is at risk of a sexual abusedW e should at all time let the individual knows that we will not be able to keep confidentiality if they disclose something which we cannot keep to ourselves for these reasons as a safeguarding and the welfare of the child.

Data Analysis for Research Essay

Scenario 1 Customer Perceptions of the Toyota Brand WKB Toyota in Chichester want to investigate customer attitudes towards the Toyota brand, to see if the press coverage regarding mechanical failures during 2009-2010 squander had any long-term clashs on customer loyalty and potential gross taxation to new customers. In the first instance, WKB can offer access to their own market database.Scenario 2 Market Segmentation for Visit Chichester Visit Chichester is in the process of realigning its marketing strategy to key customer groups in order to more efficaciously promote the visitor economy in the Chichester District. As subprogram of the process they wish to conduct research to investigate current attitudes towards the Visit Chichester website. They wish to try on views from across a range of profiles including families with children, couples, and the retired market. The results will be used to determine the structure and content of the new Visit Chichester website.Scenario 3 NatWest Banking Charter Following its far-flung publicity campaign, which included TV adverts and street billboards, and as part of its commitment to customer service, NatWest wish to sign research to establish the impact of its Customer Charter. more(prenominal) specifically, they want to ascertain whether it has lead to a discernible improvement in customers perception of the banks service quality. They also wish to undertake an midland audit to assess whether staff have noticed an impact of the Charter.Scenario 4 The Green Economy The West Sussex Sustainable Business Partnership has commissioned the University of Chichester undertake research assessing the level of sustainable business practice by businesses across a range of sectors in West Sussex. Specifically the WSSBP would like to establish the completion to which businesses are adopting green measures in key areas much(prenominal) as operations management, purchasing, and energy management. They also want to establish business awareness of available raise for going green, and general business attitudes to the green agenda. The results will help WSSBP help businesses prepare for the green economy being championed by the coalition Government.Scenario 5 HMV harmony In the light of poor trading figures, and the imminent closure of 60 of its UK branches, HMV want to undertake research to ascertain the factors that are causing poor sales and determine which product lines should be continued and which ones should be discarded. They are also interested in how they can improve their online sales performance as part of a realignment of their retail strategy.Scenario 6 Tourism Industry Response to Recession and Recovery The Sussex Tourism Partnership have commissioned the University to undertake research into the impact of recession on the tourism industry in Sussex, and the strategic response adopted by tourism businesses, including accommodation providers and attractions. They wish to establish the deg ree to which incompatible sectors have felt the impact of recession, either positively or negatively, and identify the key measures these businesses have taken to remain competitive in the current downturn.Scenario 7 Evaluation of Goodwood Motor Racing Events The Goodwood Road Racing Company (GRRC) has commissioned the University of Chichester to undertake research investigating visitor perceptions of the overall quality of the visitor get it on at the Goodwood Festival of Speed and Revival. They also want to assess visitors views about potential new events, products and services that could be developed at Goodwood that would increase revenue without significantly increase the negative impacts currently generated by the Festival of Speed and Revival events.Scenario 8 Green policies at Sainsbury PLC The aim of the research is to establish whether in that location are any economic benefits from adopting green business policies at Sainsbury supermarkets. The supermarkets Operations Manager wants to identify ways in which the economic impacts of Sainsburys toleration of green business polices can be measured. In particular, she is interested in the identification of costs and benefits associated with implementing green business policies at Sainsbury, and to identify the economic incentives and disincentives which Sainsbury has from its stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and government to adopt green business policies.

Miss Caroline

When I woke up I took a shower then I reckon that I should break a cup of Joe. As soon as I ate breakfast I thought to my self that I have to teach the students of May-comb. And that female child that they c every last(predicate) scout, after that I planed what I was going to wear to school I picked out a beautiful dress. I when to the bathroom to brush my hair and my teeth. Well, my first day on the job this year wasnt how I expected. In fact, it was a terrible day. My students this year are so disrespectful I have some little girl whose father teaches her how to designate and write.I confronted her about it telling her kindly to have her father not teach her anymore, so we could start off fresh to a vernal year of teaching, and she lies to me Apparently her father does not teach her anything, but I aint buying it No one take down learns about writing until the 3rd tell that is without the help of another person. She was even giving me lip about another person That Walter kid or whatever his name was. The least he could have done was accept my damn quarter I had to whip Scout or else she was going to give me more lip. That wasnt even the worst of my troubles today roughly little kid named Burris shows up to class with lice in his damn hair After I told him to take the day off too clean him, he stated that hes only here for the first day. Thank god. But after that, he starts yelling at me and having an attitude. I told him that if he doesnt leave the class direct then I was going to call the principal. He started saying some really offense language to me that really hurt me. Thankly after he was done, he left. This crap better not is going on for the rest of this year. That girl is eventually going to tell me the truth about her father teaching her or not.If she doesnt and I find out, there will be consequences. Today I was walking past one of my students Burris Ewell and I noticed he had cooties I didnt even know what one was until a kind boy named Litt le Chuck Little explained that it was a cootie. He kindly got me a glass of water and formerly I had recovered I sent Burris Ewell home and gave him a remedy to get rid of his cooties I didnt want to other children or even myself to dumbfound them Oh well, I suppose that you learn something new every day. Thats what I tell my students. Im not that surprised he got cooties though he is quite dirty.But, thats not all that shocked me about this boy though. I found out that he and his whole family only came to school on the first day, and then never came again for the rest of the year. Burris Ewell was extremely rude to me and unfortunately I started to cry in front of my class but they were very kind to me. They comforted me and then asked me to read them a story. Im glad that they enjoy my stories I do have fun reading to them. I really like my pupils and Im glad to have them as I really do love teaching. Today was very eventful and I could write so much more but someones knocking on my door.In the metropolis I saw of maycomb Depression meant only that the bad times that had been going on for decades got a little bit worse. These rural areas had long been poor and undeveloped. dusky people worked for low wages in the fields. White farmers were more likely to own land, but they were cash poor. It was common for children to go to school barefoot, and to suffer from ringworm and other diseases. Although automobiles had been around for some years, most farm families still depended on horses for transportation and to plow their fields.

Peter Singer’s Solution to World Poverty

Peter singers argument reveals little new to the reader who has ever been thinking about meagreness and difference in life standards in different nations.To the sophisticated reader, the main point of focus is the wording and how well the argument is presented, how efficiently the author uses his persona, how effective his modellings are, and how well he appeals to his target audience. The main weaknesses of his essay seem to be the pillow slip that is a little overdrawn, failure to account for some serious mathematical objections, and a somewhat problematic purpose.To evaluate if this is true, let us see first what the purpose of the essay is. Singer aims to persuade his readers that they need to donate whatever money they necessitate to spend beyond basic necessities to charity because not doing so means killing poor children around the population a good deal standardized Dora in the Brazilian movie almost kills the street boy by pushing him into the hands of the organ pe ddlers.This, as the title implies, would be the Solution to being Poverty. Basically, the author argues for a redistri hardlyion of global GDP via private donations from richer to poorer nations.The purpose of the essay looks somewhat doubtful. One has to decide what Singer is in effect move to do. As stated in the second paragraph, he seems to be persuading the audience to donate money to charity. Is he trying to end the world leanness? Or merely raise funds for charity organisations? The two things can be really different. No one is forbidden to think that the simplest way to end poverty is to redistribute funds through charity.However, this does not address the root causes of poverty social inequality, underdevelopment of some nations economies, political turmoil in weak democracies that blocks economic development, and so on.This pushes one into thinking that effective efforts on combating poverty should direct funds towards projects like infrastructure improvement, sounder governance policies, and so on. Charity means give bread to the poor all the time without teaching them how to make bread. It might be wiser to call on professionals having important skills to sacrifice a year or two of their professional chargeers in order to go to another nation and share their knowledge with people there.For instance, a manager of the food processing mill would do better to go and help start a factory somewhere in Africa alternatively than keep sending them the greater part of his honorarium in those years. Singer, on the contrary, seems to see donations as the only viable means to end poverty. He does not take into account the efforts of people who work in development projects, and they may be contributing more to improving life quality of people in developing nations than they would if they stripped their life of TVs and new cars.With his example involving Bob and his car Singer alienates the audience rather than entices it into donating. Bobs situation is indeed different than that of the average American who is ready to give $cc to charity funds. If Bugatti is his own investment, then his whole future depends upon it.He means it as an investment in his post- seclusion future since its rising market value means that he volition always be able to sell it and defy comfortably after retirement (Singer 1999). A finance professional can debate the steadiness of the decision to put all ones retirement savings into one object as perishable as the car, especially driving it at the same time, but Bob seems determined to follow his strategy.His car is his only investment, his way to secure income after retirement. If he loses his car, he will bugger finish off to live on Social Security benefits that are far from secure now with the reform looming and all the talk of the future depletion of funds, and if he can count on them, they can really be too small to pay even for necessities.The US is a rich nation, but the whole social setup enco urages Americans to care for themselves on their own, including insurance schemes and retirement savings. For this reason, Bob may have not to give up luxuries he deprives himself of necessities to save the child.The picture of an old man losing his retirement funds and favourite car is far too gloomy to allure those who are eager to share a portion of their pie with starving children. Singer could have made his demands on fellow citizens more realistic and less frightening if he had chosen an example more suitable to his thesis keeping necessities but letting luxuries go in order to provide necessities to others.Another problem with Singers example is that Bob loses His pride and joy (Singer 1999). The car may be his only hobby, the pursuit in which he engages with great zest. This should alert the readers that following Singers strategy they will only be working mean solar day and night, using their racy developed-nation income to help the poor in other countries. No more birt hday parties that cost over $200, no more trips to exciting places, and how should an devouring(a) photographer feel buying a new expensive camera?One would be forced to admit that all the progress of the worlds economy has only produced enough output so that all people can eat enough, and thats it. Leonardo da Vinci probably didnt have to paint his great works after all if nobody is going to travel to museums to see them. Museums and trips are definitely not on the list of necessities, and neither are CDs, books and computers that could store this information.Singer would have a hard time trying to implement his resolving power in reality since it feels like elimination of luxuries has the potential to bring out all the cultural progress in world and, even more importantly, deny people the right to enjoy something other than simple meals. Implementation of the solution would force one to produce an exact definition of what is luxury and what is not, and this is not as easy as it seems.Thus, Singers example is repelling rather than attractive to the audience. It tells readers in which situation they might end up donating everything above $20,000 per household to charity stranded in retirement, with hapless lives in which joys are no more than they were in the Ice Age.Imagining that the targets are middle-class Americans, Singer is hardly ready to force them into salaried for charity with these examples and his relentless claim to give up all beyond necessities. Intuitively, he would score higher with pictures of how charity actually works and how children are saved with the donations.This is exactly what his paper is missing. Singer makes a conceding concerning uncertainties about whether aid will really reach the people who need it admitting that nobody who knows the world of overseas aid can doubt that such uncertainties follow that is hardly encouraging for anybody willing to give a part of hard-earned money to such organisations (Singer 1999).If $200 works after provisions are made for uncertainties, how much is really enough? $150? $100? And what exactly are the uncertainties? The first thing that comes to mind is corruption that is so prevalent in developing nations. Does Singer expect hard-working citizens to reduce themselves to a life consisting of bare necessities in order to feed immoral officials somewhere in Africa or Asia whose children are well off enough to pay their tuition at US universities?This is an important objection, and Singer skips it by implying Dont care how much they steal, just keep paying them. Singers main emphasis is that people should part with the money because it is wrong for them to have it when so many children are starving. He does not yield that this parting actually contributes to lives saved. This, however, is the basic assumption of utilitarian ethics one has to do what works well for other people, not just what is right or moral to do.Singer alike fails to account for objections concer ning the economic effects of his proposal. One can object that the high life standards of the Western society are promoted by the high motivation of the people and ingenious system that remunerates performance.Westerners are interested in the success of their companies thanks to profit-sharing plans, and they are aware that upgrading their education and learning new skills will result in higher salaries and better life standards. Human nature can be mean and unworthy, but so far financial reward has been an important stimulator. Singer is in fact suggesting that from now on everybody in the US should start living on $30,000 so that a household fashioning $100,000 could cut a yearly check for $70,000 (Singer 1999).All making different input, getting about the same salaries with the rest redistributed for public good (but also involving corruption) this is something the Soviet Union tried to do, and as is known, they failed on the economic front. It might take a couple of generatio ns before the West lapses into a similar economic crisis for indigence of motivation and will no longer be able to support anybody financially.Thus, Singers argument is failing on some points. First, his solution to world poverty is questionable and thus the purpose of the essay looks doubtful to those who support other solutions. Second, his example is not a good analogy since it differs from his stated thesis.In addition, the example paints too gloomy a picture to be attractive to the audience. Besides, despite the professed utilitarianism of the essay, Singer does not go very deep into the results of the actions he advocates. He also fails to account for objection concerning the so-called uncertainties of overseas aid and economic effects of his proposal.BibliographySinger, Peter. The Singer Solution to World Poverty. The New York Times Sunday Magazine 5 September 1999 60-63. 24 Oct. 05 .

Teen Pregnancy Analysis

Teen pregnancy has become an increasing bother over the years. P arents, teachers and juveniles alike all fear for the same thing, juvenile pregnancy. In several studies the question incessantly remain the same what is the cause of stripling pregnancy other than the obvious answer, why is this continuing to increase over the years. Parents always feel that they were non strict enough. Teachers feel that the adolescentages are either rebellious or that they did something wrong with their teaching. Teens feel all sorts of things that adults do non always understand.The studies that leave alone be discussed are focused on teens and what they feel the problem is that causes teens to become young mothers. The research process with the articles that I wee chosen is surveying teens to regulate out the source of the problem. In these articles the goal is to stick out the point of view of the teens and to come up with a solution to rising problem of teen pregnancy. The literature was reviewed by several peers and doctors to come up with the opinions and solutions that were revised in the article.In this weeks reading of our text, it was discussed the importance of valid offsprings, and not beingness biased to one side or another. It was discussed that results can differ from group to group of participants so making sure that the results are valid is important. Also, it is important to deposit sure that the sources are reliable as well. It would be wrong to ask parents only why they feel teen pregnancy is increasing so some(prenominal) being that teens are the ones involved in these studies.The ethical considerations for data collection is not to violate the teens right to have their voices heard with out having to fear what their parents will know about their sex brio story. An article in the Apollo library titled campestral teen pregnancy reflections who will Listen? discusses a study that was through with(p) on teens with surveying the teens in ma ny different directs to find where this problem stems from. It is determined that most teens feel that they have a lack of information on teen pregnancy and sexual awareness, until hitting high school, which in many cases is too late to receive this information.A series of questions were asked in survey form, teens matte they were receiving information too late and they were self educated themselves long before they learned it from school, or their parents. With media being as violent, and sexual content today that we did not have twenty years ago, kids are curious about sex at younger ages, some even in elementary school. The data that was self-contained was taken straight from the affected age and targeted different reasons that effect teen pregnancy.They asked a question that was thought to be the reason and asked open demiseed questions as well meaning questions that do not have a yes or no answer but ones where the teens were forced to give their opinions. In this study the teens names were not given, the goal was not to know who the teens were, but to know what can be done to make the awareness of this problem cognize to teens and their parents. another(prenominal) study that was performed in this article was on teen a parent who shows that many teen parents do not finish high school and live their adult lives in poverty.Teens who have troubled homes are more than likely to become teen parents looking for that security that they have lacked at home, building their own family will give them the love they desire in their mind but they are likely to neglect and or abuse their child or children not intentionally but just out of lack of knowing how to care for their child, when they are still children themselves. Another result of this study reviewed that most teen parents do not marry the father or mother of the baby and the ones that do end in divorce in most cases.Many teen parents will be single parents within the first two years of the childs life . The end result also proves that teens will have higher(prenominal) risk pregnancies and premature, under nourished babies will be born for lack of knowledge of how to take care of a baby in the womb. Another result of this is because the teen mothers body was not ready for the change of having a baby. Many health problems in the child and mothers life results from this as well such as possible asthma in the baby and osteoporosis at an early age for the mother.There are many reasons ground in these studies over a few weeks time that teens did not realize to be an issue. From the teens point of view the main issue that was found was that they are not aware of precautions from teen pregnancies and resources that are available to them such as free birth control from the local health department and teen counseling serve to encourage practicing safe sex and abstinence as well as lack of information on how pregnancies happen. It has been proven from these studies that these discussion need to occur in middle school or even elementary school.This study showed more statistics that have been proven throughout the years. The end result also proves that teens will have higher risk pregnancies and premature, under nourished babies will be born for lack of knowledge of how to take care of a baby in the womb. Another result of this is because the teen mothers body was not in the child and mothers life results from this as well such as possible asthma in the baby and osteoporosis at an early age for the mother.In both studies, the results were determined by questionnaires to teens and teen mothers to determine what the cause of teen pregnancy in their mind was. There have always been theories that teens dont care about using protection, or that they want to be enceinte but these studies have confirmed that this is not always the case. This case study was a hard one to do at first because teens do not want their friends to pick on them in school for their answers or that they participated so once the barrier was broken there, the case study could be done effectively.The end result was successful because it gave teachers, parents, doctors and teens the tools they needed to change this. The hope is that over the next few years teen pregnancy will decrease dramatically. These health problems are caused because the teen mothers body is not fully developed so their body is not ready to bear the weight a pregnant women must bear. In conclusion, the data showed to be effective in both forms of research in both articles.The first article took the approach of survey research for the targeted group which is teens to find a cause of the problem which seems to be a lack of communication between teens and adults, and also a lack of information soon enough for teens. In the other article medical research was done to prove that teen mothers are more likely to develop bone problems earlier in life as their bones were not ready for the pressure a pregnancy causes. A nother source that was used in this analysis was the census of teen mothers that fall behind out of high school and live in poverty trying to upport their children. This trend seems to pass down the genetic line as these homes become problem homes as well and the teens just want love they lacked growing up. Therapy has proven to change this trend as the children of teen mothers need to know how to cope with brisk in poverty, feeling rejection from their fathers or mothers, and dealing with not seeing their parent as often as their peers as most teen parents work at least two jobs to provide for their children and still remain in poverty.These problems are being addressed and teen pregnancy is estimated to decrease as more and more resources are becoming available to target teens and warn them of what it really is like being a teen parent. I feel that both of these articles give considerable information to effectively make decisions on the studies because there are several teens i nvolved as well as medical studies to support the analysis that was determined.ReferencesRural teen pregnancy reflections Who will Listen?(2013) retrieved from http//apololibrary .comTeen pregnancy associated with future osteoporosis (2012) retrieved from http//apololibrary.com

Integrating Art in Elementary School Curriculum Essay

We are living in a world full of cunning. Everywhere we look, every shape, size and color face art. From the films we watch to the cover of our books, from the interior of our house to the design of our clothes, art is present. In our modern times, art is usually described in its aesthetic sense. Art comes in drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, poetry, music, cinema, and in almost anything. By definition, art is any human effort to emulate, enhance, change, or neutralize the work of nature. It is also the conscious production of colors, sounds, forms, movements, and any opposite element in a manner that affects the sense of beauty and aesthetics. (Art) The elements of art, which can help us to understand better arts aesthetic determine are color, shape, line, protect, space, form and texture. Color refers to the intensity of the colors used as well as with the brightness and darkness of colors. Shape refers to the meeting of lines. Lines are the direct element in any d rawing. Value is the lightness and darkness or color, when it is combined with the hues. Lastly, form is the dimension of a shape. It can be a both or three dimensional shape. Moreover, the principles of art can also help us to better understand our perception of art. When combined with the elements of art, to enhance the aesthetic value of art. These are balance, proportion, contrast, emphasis, pattern, rhythm, harmony, unity, variety and movement. Balance is the principle of art wherein the other(a) elements should not be overly d unity for the symmetry of a certain artwork. Contrast, on the other hand, is the idea of showing distinction by breaking repetitions in an artwork to draw focus in a certain area. Furthermore, proportion is the relative locations, shapes, and sizes of the objects or ideas in the artwork. The term art also has something to do with visual experience or object which was created through by expressing a skill or by using the imagination. Arts purposes also ranges from the aesthetic to the utilitarian point of view. (Art) There is what we call the utility of art. It is where the utility or use of art enters. Graffiti is a kind of art which is used as a medium of self-expression. In the social context, graffiti can be used as a means to calm the internal being and boost ones morale. One the negative context, it can be a form of inglorious propaganda, and thus deteriorating other peoples lives. Knowing these, it can be concluded that it is of great importance for young people to appreciate art. It is also a vernacular fact that because of the advent in technology nowadays, what with the calculator games and other modern gadgets, kids find it hard to involve themselves in art. It is now a common problem for elementary school art teachers to find ways to help the children in the appreciation of art. The concept of aesthetic is a very important esteem in direction art especially to young children. Aesthetic is a philosophical branch t hat deals with the criteria of artistic judgment. Arts classical conception was formulated by ancient art masters Plato and Aristotle, and developed by modern artists such as Benedetto, Croce, Kant, etc. (Art) Since art is the first thing that one observes, it is essential to focus on the aesthetic value of an art for the children to better appreciate it. There are different ways on how to improve the teaching of art (in particular with third graders). Firstly, consider the modern technological advancement and use it as an advantage. Since it was concluded that most students are hooked with the computers, why not use it as a means to let them be interested. Use the computer to show them digital photography. Play games with the computer using famous computer games characters and relate it to art. Only if you make them interested in something will theyll be able to learn, and this is one sure way to make them interested. Second, change the ambiance of your classroom. The purlieu is a very big factor to consider for the students to learn. Make it more vibrant, more colorful, and more appealing to Grade3 students. Put some designs on the wall. Instead of using a normal chair, let the children play inside by putting a larger working space for them to interact with one another. Lastly, PLAY. Always bring forward that you are dealing with small kids. Always keep in mind that children needs time to play, and what else is the best way to make them learn that to integrate education with playing. Information plus entertainment equals learning. Children love to play. They love interacting with one another. By doing this, it is a sure way to make them learn.Sources(Art) Retrieved on September 7, 2006 fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art(Art) Retrieved on September 7, 2006 fromhttp//www.answers.com/art&r=67(Art) Retrieved on September 7, 2006 fromhttp//www.Britannica.com

Bangladesh and Education Essay

culture a simple word that is one of the major(ip) drivers of our planet earth. Through knowledge quite a little tucker out to know who they ar, where they came from and where they will be heading in the near future. reading is the spearhead of a familiarity. It is because of proper upbringing that spate get to know about the diversity of this unpredictable world. Education forges the lives of those who get it. Education is one of the important factors that affect the quality and the means of leading a happy life.Bangladesh was described as one of the poorest countries of this world after the libe ration war in 1971. It had gone through harsh phases of floods, droughts, cyclones, famines and other natural calamities and at defend one of the worlds most crowded countries still remains well below the poverty line and as a result most of the union is still illite deem. Education still and always will remain an important attain of social capital in this world.Education fo sters innovation, contributes to the economic harvest-feast of a country and also adds the efficiency, effectivity and productivity of every last(predicate) the individuals who get the light of instruction. The World Bank (WB) approved generous amount of loans in the recent past to promote and remedy the tuition sector of Bangladesh. However, the brass and the NGOs be playing an active division in the suppuration process by educating the passel population of Bangladesh and the whole course of action mainly focus their vision on the children and women.In Bangladesh the educational process is so slow and weak that the development process has be adopt sluggish. OBJECTIVE Education system in Bangladesh is three-tiered and highly subsidized and the Bangladesh government operates many another(prenominal) education institution in the simple, flashary and high secondary levels. Through the University Grants Commission, the government funds more than 35 state universities in the tertiary education sector. Bangladesh emphasizes on the education For All (EFA) objectives, Millennium organic evolution Goal (MDG) and the International Declarations.According to the articles 15 and 17 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, every citizen has the right to education and all(prenominal) children between the ages of 6-18 should receive first and secondary education free of charge. The government should provide the underprivileged children with free books and education free of cost. METHODOLOGY As we atomic number 18 the students of RS, we were unable to go outside to meet with people and conduct interviews with them. So, to gather our information and data, we had to go though different forums, journals, books and different websites. HISTORY OF EDUCATION.From 1971 our education system started forthicially. At the beginning of the education system in Bangladesh the number of schools and universities were very poor. There were unaccompanied 6 general universities i n 1971. But now the numbers of universities are change magnitude. Now the numbers of basal schools are near about 76000. The great point system started from 2000 and the JSC and JDC education system was started from 2010. In recent days Bangladesh has adopted various strategies to educate the general people mainly the children. In education sector BRACs contribution is bigger. Sir Fazle Hassan Abed founded BRAC direct at 1972.In the history of education BRAC played an important role . EDUCATION SYSTEM AFTER LIBERATION After the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971, the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh became an independent nation free to occupy its own educational destiny. As Bangladesh was, and still is, a unconsecrated state, many forms of education were permitted to co-exist. The formidable British system was, and still is, largely practiced. In fact, presently, the Bangladeshi system of education is divided into three different branches. Students are free to choose anyone o f them provided that they sop up the means.These branches are The English strong point English medium schools are mainly private and thus reserved for the wealthy class. After three days of pre-school, students must successfully pass through ten grades to be worthy for writing the Ordinary Level Exams, also called the O-Levels. Then after one more year of studies, students can write the Advanced Level (A-Level) Exams. The Bengali Medium the Bengali Medium, which is offered by the government. In the Bengali Medium, all the courses are offered in Bengali with the exception of English courses and the Religious course.The tuition fee is minimal compared to English schools but they still vary largely between schools. After three years of pre-school, students in the Bengali medium do flipper years of uncomplicated school. Then they move to high school for grade five to grade ten. At the end of the tenth grade, they appear for their SSC (Secondary School Certificate) exam. Afterwa rds, they move on to both years of college following which they have to write for the HSC (Higher School Certificate) exam. The Religious Branch Bangladesh is a very poor country with trillions of firesideless children.To educate these children, there are religious institutions called Madrashas where these children are sheltered, fed and taught the ways of Islam by priests. These children learn the scripts from the Koran and the regular prayers. Literacy situation in Bangladesh Period Census The 1974 count delimitate literacy as the ability to read and write in any language. This definition was in conformity with the UNESCO one accepted throughout the world. The definition of literacy used in the 1981 nose count covered only persons of age 5 years and above and include those who could write a letter in any language.The 1991 numerate also defined literacy as the ability to write a letter in any language but covered persons of age 7 years and above. The effect of flip in def inition of literate has been reflected in the literacy rates of different census years. Increase in Literacy Literacy rate among people of all ages rose from 17% in 1961 to 24. 9% in census year 1991. For the 7 years and above age group, the literacy rate increased from 26. 8% in 1974 to 32. 4% in 1991. In all census periods, the literacy rates were higher among the males than among the females.The female literacy rate, however, rose significantly in the 1991 census. It was 16. 4% in 1974 and 25. 5% in 1991. Urban farming(prenominal) athletics in literacy rate is also quite evident in all census periods. Literacy rates in urban areas are higher than in rural areas in all census periods. Adult literacy Adult literacy rate for population 15 and above is defined as the ratio between the literate population of the age 15 years and over to the total population of the same age expressed in percentage. This rate for both sexes was 25. 9% in the 1974 census and 29.2% in the 1981 census. In the 1991 census the rate was 35. 3%. In all census periods, male self-aggrandizing literacy rate was higher than the female. Educated adults come to the urban areas for better employment and education. As a result, the adult literacy level of urban population is much higher than that of their rural counterparts in all census years. However, the gap between urban-rural literacy rate narrowed in 1991, as did the gap between the male and female population. This is due to rural peoples increasing participation in education in recent times.Steps of Bangladesh after Liberation towards development of education The independence of Bangladesh generated a new enthusiasm in both government and private level in efforts to expand literacy and remove illiteracy. The Bangladesh Constitution of 1972 provides the basis for a insurance policy on universal primary education. The policy has three components establishing a uniform intensity oriented and universal system of education extending fre e and compulsory education to all children and relating education to the desires of society and removing illiteracy.Keeping in view the constitutional directives, Bangladesh committed itself to implement the recommendations of The World Conference on Education for All (1990), The World top on Children (1990) and The Summit Declaration on Education for All (1993). essential Education of Bangladesh Primary education was recognised as the foundation of preparing literate citizens of the country in all national documents, reports of the commissions, and committees on education. But this stage of education got a momentum only after the enactment of the take aimful Primary Education Law of 1990.Compulsory primary education under this Act was introduced in 1992 in 68 thanas, and all over the country in 1993. Measures such as satellite schools, community schools, and Food for Education Programme were taken up to increase enrolment and decrease dropout. The new primary curriculum based on terminal competencies was implemented in 1992. These steps resulted in some correctments in various efficiency indicators of primary education such as in vernacular enrolment ratio and the completion rate and raised the participation of girls in primary education.In addition to state intervention, from the second half of 1980s, the government allowed NGOs to experiment with a strain of delivery mechanisms to cater to the basic educational needs of the disadvantaged population. Role of BRAC BRAC launched its education programme in 1985 with 22 one-room primary schools following non-formal approach. The goal of the BRAC Education Programme is to make a significant contribution to the achievement of education for all in Bangladesh.The BRAC Education Programme is mainly focusing on increase access of basic education in unreached and underserved population improve quality in formal education system support the government in achieving Millennium Development Goal 2 Education for Al l by 2015 ? In sheer size, BRAC operates the largest private school system in the world 1. 1 million students (70% of them are girls) are enrolled at present in 37,000 BRAC schools that provide quatern years of non formal primary education. So far, almost 5 million children have already graduated from primary school and got their basic education from these schools and close to 95% enrol to secondary schools.Education Programme Primary School Operations Primary Schools Currently orderning24,398 Current Students0. 75 mil Graduates4. 95 mil Cost per Child per YearUSD 32 Schools for Indigenous Children2,441 Pre-Primary Schools Currently Running13,054 Current Students0. 36 mil Graduates4. 33 mil The Five Year throw(s) According to the business relationship of Bangladesh Education Commission of 1974, the number of adult men and women illiterates in the country at the time of independence was 35 million. The Report recommended adoption of non-formal and mass education programmes for t hem.Accordingly, the First Five-Year Plan (1973-78) launched a massive functional literacy programme through non-formal education and allocated Tk 400 million for this subsector. The Second Five-Year Plan (1980-85) attached high priority to eradication of mass illiteracy. In the Third Five-Year Plan (1985-90) the programme was revived with an allotment of Tk 250 million and a modest target of making 2. 4 million adults literate by June 1990. Information from the office of the Integrated Non-Formal Education (INFE) project (former MEP Office) exhibit that only 27 upazilas were covered in this project out of a target of 71 upazilas.A total of 291,600 adults were made literate in five years. In the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1990-95) Tk 235. 70 million was allocated. During the Plan period MEP was continued as a spillover under the project and total of 367,660 adult illiterates of 11-45 years age were made literate. The programme was implemented in 68 thanas of the country. Moreover, und er the aegis of the district administration a programme named Total Literacy Movement (TLM) was started in 1995 in Lalmonirhat and Bhola districts. It was later extended to 15 other districts. Preparatory work is now under way to extend TLM to 22 more districts.The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) adopted an ambitious objective to achieve the goal of Education for All (EFA) by the end of Plan period 2002. The major objectives are to increase gross enrolment in primary schools to 110 percent (net 95%) with particular emphasis on enrolment of girls and on increasing completion rate of primary education to at least 75 percent by the year 2002. The Fifth Plan also set up some important objectives of mass education consistent with the overall objectives of achieving the goal of EFA and fulfilling the educational needs of 30 million adult illiterates.These objectives are to increase literacy rate of adults (15 years and above) to 80% by the year 2002, to empower learners with technical sk ills, entrepreneurial traits and leadership skills, to empower skills related to literacy, numeracy and communication, to reduce gender gap in literacy rates in both rural and urban areas, and to develop continuing education programme for neo-literates. ? BANGLADESH, EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS OF 2005 ? BASIC EDUCATION STATISTICS, 2010 Number of Institution, Enrolment and Teacher in Post-Primary and Primary by trouble and sex, 2010 Type of SchoolManage.mentInstitutionTeacherStudentIndicators TotalTotalFem. % FemTotalGirl% GirlTSRSPITPI Primary School EducationPublic3767218145510543158. 109885697506116551. 20542625 Private450021995026812834. 157018849347542149. 52351564 Total8267438095717355945. 5616904546853658650. 50442045 Secondary School EducationPrivate187232107804791722. 737240497387315753. 493438711 Public3177231241733. 4322527710651947. 283171123 Total190402180115033423. 097465774397967653. 313439211 College EducationPrivate3068773201626521. 04150516671642347. 601949125 Public25 69900231023. 3388910935852340. 3290347339.Total3324872201857521. 302394275107494644. 902772026 Madrasah EducationPublic310400. 0060642313. 8158202135 Private93581077431091110. 132194863116742753. 192023512 TOTAL93611078471091110. 122200927116765853. 052023512 University EducationPublic319163165618. 072629418198831. 18298482296 Private515710170129. 792009394912524. 45353940112 Total8214873335722. 5746388013111328. 26315657181 Technical & Vocational EduPublic251401554213. 501338971799913. 443353316 Private259711286270823. 993140307052122. 46281214 Total284822455461120. 5344792710258122. 90201578 ProfessionalPublic70179548627.0819120935748. 941127326 Private214312345014. 41508231451628. 561623715 Total284491893619. 03699432387334. 131424617 Teacher EducationPublic90103927526. 4717663 coulomb5856. 941719612 Private9283025530. 728613243728. 2910949 Total182186953028. 36262761249547. 551414410 All (Post-primary)Public101833247768623. 12155407158467537. 6247152733 Private341034167928020719 . 2411514931589360651. 182833812 Total351214500398789319. 5313069002647828149. 572937213 All (Primary + Post-primary)Public3869021470211311752. 6911439768564584049. 35532966 Private7910561629414833524. 0718533780936902750. 55302348Total11779583099626145231. 46299735481501486750. 09362547 COMPARISON OF EDUCATION AID AND outgo OVER THE PERIOD 1980-2008 Figure 5 shows the increasing gap between education aid and government spending. The 1980s illustrate the small gap between aid and spending, which began to increase over time. From 2006 onwards, education aid began to decline and government spending increased. This reflects the relatively low and declining proportion of aid in total education spending. ? TOTAL PRIMARY STUDENT ENROLMENT (1985-2005) Fiscal Year Primary student enrolment (millions) 1985 10. 08 1986 10.78 1987 11. 26 1988 11. 76 1989 11. 77 1990 12. 34 1991 13. 03 1992 13. 72 1993 14. 2 1994 15. 19 1995 16. 43 1996 17. 07 1997 17. 32 1998 17. 63 1999 19. 61 2000 17. 67 20 01 17. 66 2002 17. 56 2003 18. 43 2004 17. 95 2005 16. 23 PRIMARY ENROLMENT author Ministry of Education, Bangladesh pass IN PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATE SINCE 2000 unity of the key EFA goals is to ensure gender parity in education by 2015 contrary most South Asian neighboring countries, Bangladesh has already achieved gender parity in primary and secondary education. The GER and NER for girls have increased from 87.7 percent and 63. 9 percent to about 88. 4 percent and 67. 4 percent respectively within 2000-05. About 16. 2 million students are currently enrolled in primary schools in Bangladesh, of which about 8 million are girls In an effort to promote the education of the poor, the GoB has been engaged over the past ten years into demand side interventions such as the Food for Education Program (FFE) and the primary stipend program. PROGRESS IN ADULT LITERACY RATE SINCE 2000 According to HIES 2005, Bangladesh is estimated to have about 41. 5 million people aged 15 or more who are illiterate.Considering the extent of poverty and the prevailing high illiteracy rate (about 54 percent in 2000), the GoB gives high priority to non-formal education through basic and post-literacy programs and continuing education. The government also recognizes that the literacy and numeracy skills can serve improve the income and welfare status of the poor. Literacy and social mobilization programs have contributed to raising the national literacy rate from 45. 6% to 52. 7% between 2000 and 2005. Bangladesh is plausibly to meet the EFA target of a 50 percent increase in adult literacy by 2015 if the annual growth rate of literacy rate exceeds 4 percent.The literacy and social mobilization programs are likely to have contributed to raising the national literacy rate from 45. 6 percent to 52. 7 percent between 2000 and 2005 (cf. HIES 2000 & 2005). In particular female literacy rate has gone up by almost 9 percentage points compared to male literacy rate which only records a 5 percentage point increase. Furthermore, the number of illiterates aged 15 to 30 has decreased from about 15 million to 11. 8 million between 2000 and 2005. Although Rural areas appear to be still lagging behind urban areas. ? PROGRESS IN PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE SINCE 2000OVERVIEW OF THE PRIMARY EDUCATION AND ADULT EDUCATION Bangladesh sustains one of the largest primary education systems in the world with as many as 80,401 primary institutions of 10 different kinds namely, GPS, RNGPS, NRNGPS, experimental schools, community schools, kindergartens, NGO schools, ebtedaee madrashas, primary sections of high madrashas, primary sections of high schools. According to the School Survey Report 2008, GPS, RNGPS, Experimental and community schools constitute 75% of the total institutions. These four categories of institutions are providing primary education to 81.9% of the total primary school enrolled children of over 16. 3 million. The proportions of boys and girls enrolled at the prima ry level are 49. 3% and 50. 7% respectively. A total of 364494 teachers are engaged in primary pedagogy in all the ten categories of institutions comprising 40. 4% female and 59. 6% male. The proportion of female teachers in GPS, RNGPS, PTI and community schools is 50. 2%, 32. 2%, 39. 0% and 73. 6% respectively and the pupilteacher ratio is 51. 4, 44. 7, 48. 1 and 43. 35 respectively. NGOs in the country have been making significant contribution to the education sector.About 500 NGOs are currently running 48,855 learning centers for providing primary education to 10,24,495 females and 6,06,802 males in the country (CAMPE, 2007). A total of 518 NGOs have been engaged in education programs of which more than 450 have adult literacy programs integrated into NFE. The NGOs are providing adult education to 1,19,277 females and 26,193 males through 6,574 learning centers (CAMPE, 2007). However, some of the major NGOs in the country offering adult education are BRAC, Proshika, Dhaka Ahsani a Mission, FIVDB, Action Aid, Swanirvar Bangladesh.BRAC has been the largest NGO in the country operating the largest non-formal education program. It runs 34000 NFPE schools serving 1. 02 million un-enrolled and drop out children of the marginal families. RELATE WITH MDG The politics of Bangladesh has made commitment in the World Education Forum held at Dakar, Senegal in April 2000, towards achievement of Education for All goals and every citizen by the year 2015. The World Education Forum adopted six major goals for education, two of which also became Millennium Development Goals later in the same year.The Dakar goals covered the attainment of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and gender equality, astir(p) literacy and educational quality, and increasing life-skills and aboriginal childhood education programs, and were to be achieved within 15 years (EFA Global Monitoring Report, 200528) However, the gender goal was judged to be peculiarly urgent requiring the achievement of parity in enrolments for girls and boys at primary and secondary levels by 2005, and of full equality throughout education by 2015.The Millennium solvent of the United Nations adopted on 8 September 2000 by all member states in the millennium Summit gave birth to eight goals to be achieved by 2015 (UN, 20053). in any event the eight goals, there are 18 targets and 48 indicators in the MDGs. All these Aaspects are pertinent to combat poverty, hunger, illiteracy, diseases, inequality between man and woman, child mortality, maternal mortality, environmental degradation and improving global partnership for development.The second Goal has designated universal primary education that emphasizes the implicit objective of equal education for boys and girls alike and to be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Bangladesh is committed to achieve the MDGs and the goals are included in the countries first privation Reduction Strategy Paper. By May 2005, the government developed Unlocking the Potential National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction (PRSP).It takes a rights-based approach and identifies four strategic objectives creating opportunity towards realizing the full potential of children i. e. access to health, nutrition, education, water and sanitation ensuring the best interests of children in national, social, family and personal situations i. e. empowerment of children ensuring safety and security at home and in the public space i. e. protection against abuse, exploitation and violence and establishing and protecting childrens rights i. e. social inclusion, decent work and livelihood.PRSP goal is to introduce and strengthen early childhood and pre-school education introduce a unified and common primary education opportunity for all children improve quality of primary education 100% enrolment, and raise all other targets to achieve quality and completion in primary education increase literacy rate to 80% and expand the scope of NFE beyond the literacy to reach out to the extreme poor and in remote areas (PRSP, 200550-51). In summing up the discussion it can be said that Bangladesh has been improving in primary education significantly since independence.Though primary education has been given priority from the emergence of the country but some dramatic changes has been noticed in the 1990s. This ten saw a renewed dedication to the expansion of primary education, and consequently primary education experienced significant enhancement during the period. In 1990, in a major policy direction Bangladesh made commitment to international compliance and as a result WCEFA came into being. Similar major international initiatives were taken in 2000.World Education Forum at Dakar and the UN Millennium conference at New York, fixed various targets and goals, named as MDGs. As a signatory country, Bangladesh is now committed to attain these targets by 2015. Currently primary education in Bangladesh is on target of achieving the sec ond MDGs phase and it is a matter of fretting Number of Students Enrolled in Primary Schools and Percentage of Boys and Girls *percentage of boys and girls students in primary schiools (1991-2009) Number of Students % of Students YearTotalBoysGirlsBoysGirls199112,635,4196,910,0925,725,32754. 745. 3 199213,017,2677,048,5425,968,72554. 245. 8 199314,067,3327,525,8626,541,47053. 546. 5 199415,180,6808,048,1177,132,56353. 047. 0 199517,284,1579,094,4898,189,66852. 647. 4 199617,580,4169,219,3588,361,05852. 447. 6 199718,031,6739,364,8998,666,77451. 948. 1 199818,360,6429,576,9428,783,70052. 247. 8 199917,621,7319,065,0198,556,71251. 448. 6 200017,667,9859,032,6988,635,28751. 148. 9 200117,659,2208,989,7958,669,42551. 049. 0 200217,561,8288,841,6488,720,18050. 349. 7 200318,431,3209,358,7579,072,56350.849. 2 200417,953,3009,046,4338,906,86750. 449. 6 200516,225,6588,091,2218,134,43749. 8750. 13 200616,385,8478,129,3148,256,53349. 650. 4 200716,312,9078,035,3538,277,55449. 350. 7 200816, 001,6057,919,8378,081,76849. 4950. 51 200916,539,3638,241,0268,298,33749. 8350. 17 Statictis of primary schools in Bangladesh(1996-2009) YEARInstitution GPSEXPRNGPSCOMM* SATTHSAPSNGPSKGEb. Mad- rashaHMAPSNGOTotal 1996377105219683275920027593963143494992759-80818 19973771052195291962104212923472154582312850-77685 19983771053196582989282215823177169171732948-79803199937709531955331072945123026321940640432531478840 200037677531925330613884122021262296371034379276809 2001376715319428326840951576197124773843357417078126 2002376715319428322548231576179224773443357430178363 2003376715319428326048231618167030886581820034586737 20043767154198143218-1283169937456723821444782868 20053767254196823027-135394622816768*832928980401 20063767254199993192-1314114026656726892033882020 20073767254201073186-131497322536726892022981434 20083767254200833263-157196629876744923340882981 20093767255200612991-95981927446744923323081508GPS- Government Primary School, RNGPS- Registered Non Government Primary Sc hool, NGPS- Non Government Primary School, EXP- PTI attached Experimental School, KG- Kinder Garden, HSAPS- High School Attached Primary Schools, HMAPS- High Madrasa Attached Primary School, * SATT Sattilite Schools which are closed from 2004 . CHALLENGES Quality of teachers Teachers poor academic quality and low competency is a serious problem for students educational attainment. Rahman attempted to establish a profile of the primary school teachers by interviewing some 500 teachers.He found that most of the teachers have only the SSC/HSC examination in the third division (Rahman, 198632). This poor quality of teachers academic competencies results in ineffective teaching. Fund Lack of funding is a big problem. The government and donors try to invest more in education sector to achieve the goals of education for all. Quality of education Bangladesh has a significant attainment in achieving some goals of education for all but it needs to focus on the quality of education and ea rly childhood development. Coaching centers some coaching centers are very much expensive.It helps to decrease childs creativity because students found readymade notes there and they dont need to work for it. Students politics when students come in in politics, they can not concentrate their studies. They will very much busy with political activities rather than their study because they are given money to do this. Lack of consistency Dhaka, Jan 2 (BDNEWS) Countries leading educationists Monday demanded cancellation of the proposed unified education, which was postponed earlier, and introduction of a genuine unified education based on equality, and scientific and secular thinking at secondary level.RECOMMENDATION 1. Inclusion of reasoned education in governments policy priorities, and to undertake concrete steps to improve its quality. 2. Formation of a Council of Legal Education for overall control, monitoring and control of legal education in Bangladesh. The Council will exe rcise its functions in collaboration with the hindrance Council and the University Grants Commission. Necessary law is to be enacted for the formation of the Council, which would also entail amendment of the Bangladesh Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Order 1972, in so far as it concerns legal education.3. To form legal education committee in the University Grants Commission consisting of the representatives of the law schools, and with this end in view to make essential amendments in the University Grants Commission Order, 1972 and the relevant rules. 4. cooking for additional vocational course up to one year for law graduates as prequalification for appearing at the bar examination. How this course would be designed and run would be determined by the proposed Council of Legal Education. 5.Rational combination of academic and vocational character of legal education to make sure law graduates reach knowledge, skill and competency for legal practice as well as law related gener al services. It is necessary to provide for more practical methods of teaching law i. e. Socratic method, problem method, case study, moot court and mock trial, clinical legal education etc. 6. Promotion of inter-disciplinary approach to curriculum to help students better understand the societal problems.Subjects like national history, economics, political science, sociology, logic etc could be included in the law curriculum. 7. Inclusion of new law courses (subjects) in the curriculum to respond to the needs of modern economy, ICT and globalisation. Subjects such as corporate law, international economic law, e-commerce, intellectual property law, environmental law, medical jurisprudence need to be included. 8. To include in the curriculum separate courses on ADR, legal ethics, research, drafting and conveyancing. 9.Need for emphasising transnational aspects of law to include more subjects on public and private international law and comparative law. 10. To enhance human rights and g ender sensibility of legal education. Separate papers on these issues are suggested to be included in the syllabus 11. Narrowing down the gap between college legal education and university legal education by including more subjects in college curriculum and extending its duration. 12. base of clinical legal education which means learning law by providing legal services to the community.Students need to be involved in various ADR activities where they will be exposed to real life situations and get opportunities to apply their knowledge of law as well as be sensitised to the rights of the marginalised sections of the community. 13. Immediate need for massive reforms and overhauling of college legal education by (a)extension of duration of courses from existing two years to three years with emphasis on practical courses in the net year (b)introduction of admission tests (c)limiting number of seats for admission (d)mandatory appointment of full time teachers(e)provision for governme nt financial assistance (f)provision for adequate infrastructural facilities like class-rooms, library, books, computers etc (g)provision for effective supervision of the colleges. 14. Establishment of government sponsored model law college to set the norms and standards of modern legal education. 15. Evaluation and examination of students by problem oriented questions. 16. Introduction of basic legal education at SSC and HSC levels as a part of general legal awareness, and as a stage of prequalification for higher studies in law.Ministry of Education is to provide necessary directives and frame rules to incorporate fundamentals of law of the land in SSC and HSC curriculum. 17. To preserve the present bilingual character of medium of instruction for law with an emphasis on effective learning of English. 18. To provide for institutional accountability of teachers, and their evaluation by the students. Details of the procedures of accountability and evaluation would need to be worked out. 19. Provision for training of the teachers. 20.Besides legal profession of a lawyer and a judge, to create more diversified professional job opportunities for the law graduates in various government and non-government departments. One of the ways to do it is to create by competitive examination BCS cadre service(legal) for law graduates to perform law related works in various government and autonomous bodies. CONCLUSION Bangladeshs education system has deeply entrenched links to the English language over many centuries. This has made English the de facto second language.Whats more important though, English is the primary language of trade and commerce here, which makes Bangladesh a very attractive destination for software and IT services off shoring. And now the government also has been taking some steps for the betterment of the educational system of Bangladesh. People are also concerned now strange the previous dates. The people and the young generations should come forward along with the government on this purpose. We should remember one thing that we need to change for the development.

A. Philip Randolph

As Phillip Randolph was not only an enormously Influential give noticer and shaker In the Civil Rights Movement In America from the sasss throughout the sasss. His influence went way beyond this occlusion and affected millions within in his lifetime. He was born to Reverend James Williams Randolph who instilled in him the reality that a persons deeds and actions, instead of their race, were what made a man who he was. His mother was a seamstress who taught him that education and self- defense, If necessary were the most important aspects a growing upstanding young an should focus on.In 1907, he graduated from the Conman Institute in East Jacksonville as Valedictorian of his class. W. E. B. Dubbings persuasive book The Souls of Black Folk became instrumental in directing his lifes course. It inspired Randolph to move to New York in 1911, making racial equality amongst all men his most important childbed to tackle in his lifetime. And he did a mighty fine Job at that. He was marrie d in 1914 to a widow by the piddle of Mrs.. Lucille Green, a Howard university Graduate and entrepreneur, who shared his political views and pull in enough money on her own to support them both.That left much time for him to fight the favourable fight. They married and joined the Socialist Party where Randolph began amassing large crowds at Harems Soapbox Corner, speaking about collectivism and the importance of environmental conscientiousness surrounding all races during those times. In 1917, Randolph met a man by the name of Chandler Owen. Other than the meeting of his wife, this was probably the most important cosmic collision of forces amongst two beings during this time period of union university in 1913. He then moved to NYC in 1915.Thats where this striking attach-up began, among Randolph and Chandler. They were both Socialists and in August 1917, they established the journal the Messenger together. It was a mixture of trade union hots, political commentary, biographies of the leading(p) radicals of the time and literary criticisms. The messenger closed In 1928, At that time Owen moved to Chicago and dismantle though he was still a member of the socialist party he became much more than conservative with age. But he continued his support of Randolph in his efforts to organize black workers.In 1929, Randolph became president of the sexual union of he Sleeping Car Porters (BPCS), which he victoriously built into the first successful black-trade union. The friendship between Owen and Randolph was a profound and ground-breaking one that continued until the end of their lives. In 1925, a group of Pullman Porters approached Randolph and asked him to lead their new organization called the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BPCS). His primary qualification, as well as his reputation for incorruptibility and the item that he wasnt an employee who meant the company could not fire him or scare him off.He led them for the next ex long time, organizing them to the point, which resulted in the certification of the (BPCS) as the exclusive bargaining agent of the Porters in 1935. Randolph called this exclusive bargaining agent struggle the first victory of Negro workers over a great Insularly corporation. He Decade ten most widely Known spokesperson for black working class interests in the country. Six years later, President Franklin Roosevelt refused to issue an decision maker order banning discrimination against black workers in the defense industry.So Randolph allied for 10,000 loyal Negro American citizens to march on Washington D. C. In protest of this. Support grew so quickly that soon he was began calling for 100,000 marchers to converge on the capital. Pressed by Randolph actions, President Roosevelt issued an executive order on June 25, 1941 six days before the march was to occur declaring on that point shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, co lor or issue origin. Roosevelt also set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission to oversee the order.Six years later there was the passage of the Selective Service Act of 1947, Randolph demanded that the government integrate the armed forces Randolph founded The League of Non-violent Civil subjection Military Segregation and urged young men of all races to refuse to cooperate with a Jim Crow muster service. Threatened with widespread civil unrest, disobedience, and needing the black vote in his 1948 re-election campaign. Because of this President Harry Truman on July 26, 1948 ordered an end to military discrimination as quickly as possible.