A- STAGES (UPPSALA) INTERNATIONALIZATION MODEL Essays - Economy

A- STAGES (UPPSALA) INTERNATIONALIZATION MODEL The Model Characteristics: 1- the export development process has a sequential nature -successive stages represent higher degrees of international involvement/commitment; 2- the process is a gradual acquisition, integration and use of knowledge about foreign markets and operations; 3- the process is also one of organizational learning; 4- the model is experience/knowledge-based - the more experience the firm gains in time, the more it is prepared to commit itself to this market and to launch new activities; 5- from this higher commitment the firm will gain experience/market knowledge; 6- internationalization is a slow process, beginning with local representatives in culturally close markets; 7- firms would enter new markets with successfully greater psychic distance; 8- the concept of psychic distance -factors preventing or disturbing the flow of information between firm and market, including factors such as differences in - languages- cultures- political systems- educational levels- levels of industrial development- tastes among consumers- values, behaviors, attitudes. 9- the main structure of the stages model: a) state/static aspects of internationalization variables the market commitment and knowledge about foreign markets; b) change aspects of internationalization variables decisions to commit resources and current business performance. 10- the concept of market commitment is composed of two factors: a) the amount of resources committed- the size of investment in marketing, organization, personal, etc.; b) the degree of commitment ? difficulty in finding an alternative resources and transferring them to alternative uses. 11- international activities require both a) general knowledge -can be transferred from one country to another; b) market specific knowledge -gained mainly through experience in the market. 12- there is a direct relationship between market knowledge and market commitment - the better the knowledge about the market, the more valuable the resources and the stronger the commitment to the market (especially true for experiential kno wledge). 13- additional market commitment as a rule will be made in small incremental steps. 14- However the exceptions are; - firms with large resources experience small consequences of their commitments, and can take larger internationalization steps; - when market conditions are stable and homogenous, relevant market knowledge ca

How to become a labor and delivery nurse

How to become a labor and delivery nurse If you’re already a registered nurse, or are thinking about becoming one, you might want to consider specializing in labor and delivery. These OB/GYN professionals provide essential support for women throughout the entire childbirth process, in a specialty that is expected to continue growing significantly over the next ten years. What do labor and delivery nurses do?Labor and delivery nurses work directly with pregnant patients from the earliest stages of labor through birth and immediate postpartum care. Their responsibilities may include the following:Supporting patients through every stage of childbirth (antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal)Inducing laborMonitoring the mother and baby’s vital signsAdministering medications and starting IV linesMeasuring contractionsIdentifying and assisting with childbirth complicationsAssisting in operations like cesarean sections (C-sections)Providing postpartum care and supportEducating and advising new mothers on po stnatal careLabor and delivery nurses typically work 12-hour shifts, including potential overnight or weekend shifts. Most labor and delivery nurses work in hospitals, but the number of birthing-specific medical centers all over the country is increasing.What skills do labor and delivery nurses have?Labor and delivery nurses have the same general skill set as all registered nurses, but also need some additional specific skills for the obstetric specialty.Medical Skills and Knowledge:Â  Nurses need to have detailed medical knowledge from an accredited educational program. Labor and delivery nurses also need to have additional knowledge of obstetrics, gynecology, and childbirth in general.Bedside Manner:Â  Labor and delivery nurses work with patients in very vulnerable and high-stress situations, so a good bedside manner (including empathy and patience) is essential.Problem Solving Skills:Â  Because of the high stakes of working with laboring and delivering patients, these nurses n eed to be prepared for everything that can possibly go wrong- and be able to troubleshoot or have a plan in place for things that can’t be anticipated. Labor and delivery nurses are responsible for monitoring patients through every stage of childbirth, helping to ensure safety at every stage.Communication Skills:Â  Part of a safe delivery is making sure that communication is happening between the medical staff and patients and ensuring that all doctors and nurses are aware of a patient’s condition and vital signs- including potential complications. Clear communication can be the most essential part of supporting a patient throughout the process.What do you need to become a labor and delivery nurse?Registered nurses need to complete an associate’s degree or bachelor’s degree program from an accredited nursing school. Additionally, nurses who choose to specialize in labor and delivery can receive additional training to become Certified Nurse Midwives or Nu rse Practitioners in obstetrics and gynecology. All states require nurses to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements.How much do labor and delivery nurses make?According to the PayScale.com, registered labor and delivery nurses make a median salary of $61,076, or $29.92 per hour. This can increase based on level of experience.What is the outlook for labor and delivery nurses?This field has two major things going for it: the boom in healthcare careers in general, and the fact that more and more babies will continue to be born. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that registered nurse demand in general will grow by more than 16% by 2024, and the labor and delivery field will have perennial demand as well.If you’re thinking about specializing in labor and delivery nursing, it can be a very rewarding career path in the healthcare field. Good luck!

Relationship Between Performance Appraisal Systems And Nursing Staff Article

Relationship Between Performance Appraisal Systems And Nursing Staff Performance - Article Example This is advantageous to the hospital, and the patients as well because, nurses will be motivated to put their best foot forward, so that during the evaluation, they score highly, which might earn them a promotion. For the patients, they will get the best care a treatment, which will ensure that there is more influx of patients to the hospital, resulting to economic benefits to the hospitals. This paper will focus on the process of carrying out the appraisal performance on nurses, and how it is beneficial to them. The key words used to search these articles were performance appraisal and nursing management. From the results, I determined whether the articles met the aims and objectives of the research, examined each one of them carefully by pulling and synthesizing the results. I also applied the qualitative results which examined the how and why questions, and the quantitative results which examined the cause and effect. Several literature reviews give their opinions on the same. There are many sources, but not all of them fit the research. The sources that I chose for this research were from their titles and abstracts of the articles, since they gave an overview of what was in the whole article. Those that were relevant were excluded, at this point. The next step was to gain access to the full texts of the chosen articles, and the same criteria of inclusion and exclusion applied again, and final number sources were left for use (Roussel & Swansburg, 2006). The Relationship between Performanc e Appraisal Systems and Nursing Staff Performance For over three decades, organizations have considered performance appraisal systems as key organizational processes for the management and development of personnel (Giangreco et al 2010; Levy & Williams 2004; Ferris et al 2008). The aim of performance appraisal systems is to offer a comparison between the level of performance expected by any one organization and the performance achieved by an individual or group of individuals. The basis for performance of evaluation is that it helps to improve performance by providing concise feedback on how the individual or department is doing in the place of work. The popularity of the use of appraisal systems is, however, surrounded by a forceful debate on their productivity and the related costs and benefits. It is widely believed that performance appraisals are prone to bias, that they do not demonstrate high levels of accuracy, and that they are not readily accepted by users (Coates, 2004). T he argument against the use of performance appraisal systems is based on tension in the organizational climate, as well as resistance and opposition amongst employees who may find the use of performance appraisal systems derogatory or pejorative (Wright 2004). In some cases, a negative performance appraisal may even lead to a reduction in productivity (Banka & Roberson, 2002). Western business environments are different from those in the East and globalization has provided access to various business environments, which necessitates optimal expertise. Applying a performance appraisal system to a healthcare organization in which many of the employees may be unfamiliar with certain systems may again

Sustainability and environmental issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainability and environmental issues - Essay Example I think the fundamental definitions of sustainability need to be changed in such a way that they relate to all key aspects of development instead of relating only to such activities that point towards individual comfort. Principles of sustainability appear to be more multifaceted and flexible as compared to livability principles which appear to be focused towards some key aspects of development. Social equity is the central theme of the principles of sustainability. Most of the principles revolve around such activities that ensure gender and social equity. â€Å"Sustainability is focused on the future as well as the present, and in particular the ability to sustain human society† (Sanford 2012, p. 1). On the other hand, livability principles describe the varied aspects of surroundings, society, and shared experiences that form a society. They are focused towards improving human wellbeing, and promote efforts to improve economy, environment, and human life. The comparison of th e principles of sustainability and livability principles reveal that sustainable development is all about fulfillment of basic needs of people and about ensuring that future generations can also benefit from political and social development. Sustainable development interconnects society, economy, and the environment. Sustainability focuses on meeting human needs without damaging the environment for future generations. It also focuses on improving the quality of life through technology without polluting the environment. On the other hand, livability is about interconnecting quality and transportation facilities for increasing opportunities for people. Some of those opportunities include quality schools and colleges, affordable housing, access to employment opportunities, and safe streets (Sanford 2012). Through comparing the principles of sustainability and livability principles, I would say that the principles of livability can be improved by aligning them with the framework of sust ainability. It will not only make livability principles more dynamic and varied, but also it will help people is developing an equity-based society where there is no difference between individuals and efforts of every person is geared towards bringing improvement in economy and social and political environments using livability guidelines. This alignment of the goals of sustainability with the principles of livability will also allow for an integrated planning framework which can be used for meeting the guidelines of both livability and sustainability (Sanford 2012). Sustainable Development Retrieved from http://insightto-energy.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html The principles of sustainability cover all key aspects of a strong society, such as, use of appropriate technology, building cultural and spiritual sensitivity, improving national sovereignty, reducing gender discrimination, ensuring peace and national unity, and strengthening democracy and institutional viability. On the other hand, the definitions of livability can be aligned with the principles of sustainability to build a dynamic social, political, and economic environment. I think it would be useful to change the fundamental definitions of sustainability into ones that are more understandable and relate to local aspects because it will add to social stability and economic prosperity. â€Å"

Response to DQ1 and DQ2 Different Financial Information Users and Essay

Response to DQ1 and DQ2 Different Financial Information Users and Isolation - Essay Example Along with the annual report which includes the financial statements for a fiscal year public companies also release trimester financial statements to keep the public informed about the financial performance of the company. DQ2 You mentioned that employees want to know about the financial performance of a firm because they want to know how stable their company is whenever it comes to job security and benefits. Another reason that employees need to be informed regarding the financial performance of a firm is because many employees receive stock options and bonuses that are tied to the financial performance of the firm. The most important output of the income statement is that last line of the report which states the net income or net loss achieved during an accounting period. The goal of all public corporations is to maximize shareholder’s wealth (Besley & Brigham, 2000). Investors must analyze the financial statements using multiple techniques including ratio analysis, horizon tal analysis, variance analysis, and vertical analysis. The CEO of public corporations since the creation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act must sign the financial statements and are personally liable in case of fraud. References Besley, S., Brigham, E. (2000). Essential of Managerial Finance (12th ed.).

The Work Of A Hotels Front Desk Staff Tourism Essay

The Work Of A Hotels Front Desk Staff Tourism Essay When in a hotel there are jobs for all levels where the front office manager job and responsibilities,assistant managers jobs and responsibilities, the front desk representatives job and responsibilities, the night auditor job and responsibilities, the cashiers jog and responsibilities. If all the job and responsibilities are done correctly the hotel will be successful in the hotel industry. However if a poor job is done the hotel will face failure and bankruptcy there for it is important for the staff to achieve there job and responsibilities to secure a successful business. Front Office Manager The front office manager is in charge of maintaining a high level of efficiency among all the front office staff, to make effective decisions regarding reservations policies and room assignments, and handle guest problems and complaints with courtesy and tact. The manager must also maintain an open communication between all other departments of the hotel. The front office manager must assign duties to all staff members of the front office. He is in charge of preparing weekly work schedules and shift assignments, scheduling regular staff meeting to make sure that staff understand what they have to do and all the hotel policies. The manager must also hire and train all new employers, consistently overview the performance of each the new staff members. The front office manager must also define the reservation policies and set quotas, aiming for maximum room occupancy. The manger must also monitor all arrivals, departures and cancellations. And setting policies for no-shows, early arriva ls, and over booking. Assistant Front Office Manager The assistant front office manager is there to aid the department manager who is responsible for coordinating front desk personnel, monitoring all guests accounts and payments, and authorized checks and credit procedures. Also the assistant manager may assist the front desk staff during high peak periods. Other duties of an assistant manager are to review reservation for the day and preparing daily room occupancy forecasts. For a manager an front office manager may have have a lot of work to do so as a front office assistant manager he is to help the manager with extra work that needs to be done. Along with helping desk staff if the are to many customers wanting lodgeing. There for needing patience. Front Desk Representatives. Front desk representatives are the main for who are always reminded to always show to the personality of the hotel to all the guests, to be a front desk representative you must strong communication skills along with the ability to work with people. Front desk representatives must use diplomacy, courtesy, and warmth in order to successfully make a guest feel welcome. They must also deal with clients problems and complaints. Also to directly work with clients of the hotel. Working at the front desk they have an important role of assigning rooms and maintain maximum occupancy. The front desk is responsible for verifying reservation information, checking credit card identification and authorization, assigning rooms, and dispensing room keys. Other duties are to provide information about facilities and policies, handling special guest requests, such as photocopies, and gift purchases. A front desk representative must always be polite warm and understanding around customers. Giving there f ull attention to customers. A customer does not like to be keept waiting. And also must highlight their experience in the hotel. The night auditor. A night auditor has two jobs to do where first he must do all the jobs as a front office representative. Secondly he or she must prepare a machine balance report. Typically, a night auditors shifts run from 11 pm until 7 am. When the front desk responsibility slackens usually the night auditor starts to audit or trace the posting of the previous days transactions to verify their accuracy. The main point is the night auditor must calculate the total charges owed to the hotel and incurred by guests during the previous day. They must determine the daily balance. To be a night auditor one must be good with numbers along with having all the skills needed to be a front office representatives. A night auditor is one of the most tireing jobs in a hotel. Because work is based at night until early morning. As for most people wont want to work as a night auditor. Cashiers The cashiers are responsible for checking out departing clients, posting charges, verifying the guest check, and handling payments. Cashiers may also be required to assist other members of the front desk staff in the performance of their duties. And vice versa. Cashiers are responsible for verifying payments from customers who are about to check out. Also they must calculate the charges and presenting the guest check. They are considered members of the accounting department who answer to the accounting manager. And finally they have other duties, such as sorting mail, handlingguests communications, and coordinating room status and reports. A cashier is responsible for handeling all the income for a hotel so its necessary that a cashier is knowledgeable about accounting. And also if asked to help the front office staff with their dutys so there for must have good people skills to be able to communicate sucessufly with a customer. Being a cashier one must always respecta customer along with getting all your taskes fulfilled. Reservationist The reservationist is responsible for handling advance room requests, determining availability, quoting rates, and documenting reservations. Reservation systems range from simple forms that are organized like desk calendars to computer-based systems. A reservationist must have good knowledge of the rooms, rates, and hotel policies. In addition, arithmetic and computer skills may be required. A reservationist is responsible for reciving all reservations and dealing with the accordanly. But mst make sure that all reservations are below 70% because that is the limit that a hotel and reserve for customers. Because if a hotel reserves 100% of the hotel and most the guests dont come they will lose customers and income. A reservationist must know how to deal with a customer, say when when you can and know how to reject a customer if the hotel has already reserved 70% of rooms in the hotel. Telephone Operator A telephone operator is responsible for coordinating the use of the telephone system of a large hotel. An operator answers all incoming telephone calls and directs the callers to the appropriate guest room, department, or staff member. In addition, operators may be required to direct house calls placed from inside the hotel. Operators must have an up to date directory of the guests room assignments. This position requires oral communication skills, an efficient telephone technique, and attention to detail. A telephone is required to know how to transfer calls to all rooms in the hotel and know how to make house bound calls from within the hotel. A telephone operator must answer the phone with a smile talk with a gental tone to all guests. It is important that a telephone operatormust have full knowledge on how to do his job. CONCLUSION The Work of a hotels front desk staff is important they are responsible of first impressions and must always treat guests like royalty. To do so they must always meet their jobs critiera where a front office manager is responsible for looking out on staff giving a weekly work schedule, high level of efficiency infront of all staff, be able to make decisions, and must always have communications with all deparments of the hotel. A assistant front office manager is to help the manager with tasks needed. Coordanating front desks opperations the assistant front desk manager has the responsibility to train all new employees. The front desk representative are the one who serve guests, they must always be polite and carry a smile at all times. Being a front desk representative you need be to able to communicate with customers successfully. The night auditor is responsible of 2 jobs first he is a front dest representative then when customers stop coming normaly around 1 he must calculate all income from the day. cashiers are the ones who deal with the money that guest pay before check out. The also can assists the front office representative with their work. They are considered as members of the accounting department.working under the supervision of the accounting manager. Reservationist are basicly the ones who deal with reservations from customers. Determining availability, quoting rates and documenting reservations. The telephone operator is in charge of handeling all calls, and directing the calls to guests rooms, staff members or department. The also may have to direct house calls placed from within the hotel. QUESTION 2 Front office staffs must have certain skills to attract guests during the first impression. Write about Front Office staff skill in guest relations. INTRODUCTION Front office staffs must have certain skills to attract guests during the first impression. Write about Front Office staff skill in guest relations. When working in a hotel as a front office representative you must have special skills to attract customers. From being able to have a good first impression, giving a smile to customers. Good interpersonal and communication with customers. being able handle stress properly. Having knowledge of phone lines, having knowledge of computers. Being polite and always showing warmth to all customers. Being polite, being courteous, having patience with all troubleing customers. Being helpful to all the customers. When having learned all these skills it will be easy to attract customers to the hotel. Being polite and warm to all customers. When all of these skills are used correctly for sure that all Customers will feel wanted and important by the hotel. Then wanting to come again on holiday. Resulting in a successful hotel. All this is needed for a front office staff. When working in a hotel customers will want to feel like they are wanted by the hotel. Since customers are paying for their stay they will want the perfect service where all customers want to be able to stay their holiday in peace. To do so the staff must always show that they are wanted. A good first impression, A good first impression can go a long way. The way you dress, the way your hair is tied for girls, your hair style for guys, how u say hello to a customer. The way you present your self is important because a customer does not want to be served by someone who looks unpresentable. So dressing correctly and having a decent hairstyle is important to attact customers. Therefor staff members must always have a correct uniform on and is presentable to all customers. First impressions can also be seen from how you greet a customer. A simple hello and a smile would be enough. And must also remember regular customers by name. It makes them feel as if they are all wanted and remembered by the hotel. So making sure that all staff are dressed correctly and know how to greet a customer properly. Good interpersonal and communication with customers. Again all staff must be able to communicate with customers well. Making sure that the customers fully enjoy their stay. Being interpersonal and having good communication with all customers is important to have in a hotel to make it successful. Being able handle stress properly. Every staff member of a hotels front office must always remember that they must not show their personal problems inside the hotel. If in a bad mood or if angry when a customer comes they must not show their emotions towards them. As for a argument might escalate. However if one has a personal problem that is hard to control tell your supervisor to let u have a break or the day of. As for personal problems are part of life and cant be helped. But if a small matter they wont. And you will have to hide your emotions inorder to satisfy the customer. And if a troubleing customer comes that might be rude or disrespectful one must always ignore what he/she says just to please the customer. Hold your emotions. Until later when can release them freely. So having control over stress and emotons is important for front office staffs. To ensure that customers are treated correctly and avoid any problems. Being polite and always showing warmth to all customers. When working in a hotel as a front office staff it is important to always be polite to all customers, politeness is one of the main things to remember when serving a customer. Being rude will show that the hotel does not care about the customers. Even when the customer is wrong the staff must always respect the customer and remember that the customer is always right. When outside ad out of uniform you can say what you want. But when inside of the hotel or wearing the uniform you must respect all customers and always be polite to all the customers. Showing warmth to customers is important being able to show the customer that they are wanted. Try void body contact a customers would not think well some some one they dont know hugging them. A simple thank you or a smile would be enough to show a customer that they are wanted in the hotel. Being courteous. Courtsy is a form of politeness saying that you for your stay will show your customer that their business is appreciated in a hotel. Always remember that inside a hotel staff must always show courtsy to all customers even if a customer is rude or abnoixous but they are all customers of the hotel and for a hotel to be a success the hotel must have customers so being courteous is important for a hotel. Every hotel must remember to make sure that their front office staff are show courtsy to all customers. Having patience with all troubleing customers. Patience is important for every employee in a hotel. If its being patient with your boss or more importantly being patient around a troubling customer. A customer way be annoying, rude, disrespectful or just an overall pain. But its the job of a front desk employee to make sure that the customer enjoys their stay. Patience is the key for success as they say. Every employee must be able to handle a customer, have patience with troubling customers and know how to treat all customers correctly. This having being said every front office manager must always remember to train all staff in ways to communicate with customers to successfully gain their business. Every employee shold be kind to all customers, talk in a soft tone to each and every customer And always make sure that the customer is pleased when checking into room and checking out. Make sure that their stay is a plesent one. CONCLUSION Every employee must have a special set of skills to make sure that a customers stay is plesent. So a manager must always make sure that the acting supervisor is coorectly training staff to handle customers correctly. By making sure that the employees all know how to communicate with a customer correctly and efficiently. Making sure that all employees are warm and kind hearted to all current and future customers, enable to sustain current customers and attract potential customers to the hotel. Making sure that customers have no complaints with employees attitude, A good first impression goes along way where all employees know how to dress correctly and look presentable to all customers for the hotel. Being presentable means having the correct uniform and a decent hairstyle nothing to crazy. Being able to handle stress is important to for all employees where they must not show their unhappy mood to customers. Customers dont want to see your attitude. Being courteous to all customers is something every employee must remember. A customer is the income for a hotel. And the reason you work there. So always show customer courtsy. Being able to handle troubleing customers is important. Some time customers can be un-understanding, a employee need to be able to handel a troubling customer easily. Bibliogaphy http://www.ehow.com/facts_5538984_hotel-office-manager-job-description.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_Duties_and_responsibilities_of_front_office_manager_in_hotel http://www.paycheck.in/main/work-and-pay/women-paycheck/job-outlook-2/front-office-staff-receptionist-in-hotels-1 http://www.wowjobs.co.za/job/Oops.aspx

Ups Essay

UPS Introduction Operations Management is a vital and fundamental key to any successful business. This form of management helps a company become more efficient, effective, and most importantly, customer satisfying. For our groups Business analysis, we studied the operational tools and ideas implemented by United Parcel Service (UPS). UPS is the world’s largest package delivery company and is always on the cutting edge of efficient delivery. Within our research of UPS, we studied aspects of facility layout, logistics, and demand management. Along the way we relate what we found with our classes’ operations book.History Now a billion dollar company, UPS had a very humble beginning. In 1907, a young man in Seattle, Washington named James E. Casey borrowed a $100 from a friend to create The American Messenger Company. James, along with his brother and friends, delivered packages, letters, and even food to restaurants locally. Since cars were still limited at this time, the deliveries were made by foot or bicycle. Even though the company was young, it thrived because, â€Å"Jim Casey? s strict policies of customer courtesy, reliability, round-the-clock service, and low rates† (United Parcel Service, 1994-2010).These are the very same principles that the company operated by today. In 1913 technology began to have its place in the company, when they purchased their first car, which was a Model T Ford. They also changed their name from The American Messenger Company to Merchants Parcel Delivery, resulting from a merge with a competing company. The simple name change foreshadowed what the company would be known for from then on. The new name â€Å"reflected a shift in the primary focus of the business from messages to packages† (United Parcel Service, 1994-2010). The company kept purchasing delivery vehicles and finally was able to expand out of Seattle.In 1919, the company once and for all adopted its present name, United Parcel Service, and expanded to Oakland, California. From then on, UPS has grown to be a leading provider of delivery service, and has been on the cutting edge of specialization of the required processes to carry out their services. Facility Layout UPS provides a critical link for many company supply chains. To get products from manufacturer/supplier to customers, companies all around the world use UPS as their â€Å"middle man† for deliveries. To handle such demand, UPS has to be extremely efficient and can’t afford unnecessary costs.One way to cut costs and remain efficient is to have an appropriate facility layout. Once a package has left a local UPS office, they get shipped off to one of the regional air hubs. The busiest and largest UPS air hub is in Louisville, KY. The layout of this extremely vast facility at 550 acres is essential to the flow of parcels and letters through the system. As we learned in class, there are 4 basic types of layout formats: workcenter, assembly line, ma nufacturing cell, and project layout. Out of these four formats, the UPS air hub mostly resembles an assembly line.An assembly line is defined as â€Å"equipment or work processes arranged according to the progressive steps† (Jacobs, Chase, & Aquilano, 2009, p. 221). Even though a product isn’t being assembled, a package flows in a progressive system through the facility getting sorted and filtered out as needed. This process is highly automated using bar codes and scanners to do the necessary sorting. Human hands are only needed for unloading and loading packages onto conveyer belts, and packing pods for the airplanes. Once unloaded from a plane, a package gets loaded on to conveyer belts that total 122 miles.The belt runs the package through scanners and weight scales. The scanner and scale tells the system the type, shape, and weight of the package. After it is scanned, packages get sorted to smalls, parcels, or irregulars. When the package has been sorted by type, machines continue to scan and group them by destination all the way down to zip codes. Because of the high automation of the system, the air hub avoids a key problem a lot of assembly lines run into, assembly line balancing. Assembly line balancing is â€Å"the problem of assigning all the tasks to a series of workstations so that each workstation has no more than can be done†¦. nd so that idle time across all workstations is minimized† (Jacobs, Chase, & Aquilano, 2009, p. 228). Since machines can be synced with one another, processes flow in a consistent, calculated manner. Having a facility laid out in this manner allows for high efficiency, because packages are continuously being processed through the system at high speeds and low costs. Demand Management Running such a large company can come with many obstacles and challenges. For a company like UPS, these challenges can come with the need to forecast the projected demand for shipping.UPS has gotten every process it does down to the smallest detail, and is practically a science. They can accurately predict the volume they will be shipping, whether it is daily, weekly, or yearly; sometimes so accurate, the forecast is within a few pieces. When forecasting volume, UPS takes many things into consideration. UPS looks at the previous year’s volume shipped on a certain day, and strangely is very accurate to the volume being shipped on the current day. The bigger companies that ship through UPS tend to ship very consistently, allowing for UPS to be more accurate in their forecast.Taking the past volumes into consideration, logistics and planning people look at how much the city has grown in the past year. They then take the growth percentage and apply it to the previous year’s volume. This method tends to give accurate projections of what the company has in store for them on any given day. Sales of major manufacturers are also taken into account when forecasting. When UPS’s leadin g shippers, such as Wal-Mart, have these huge sales, UPS can just about guarantee that the volume of packages from that company is going to increase. There is a time of year that everyone at UPS anticipates; that time of year is Peak Season.Let’s just say that every year around the holidays, Santa has been lazy and uses UPS as his major way to ship. The holidays, or peak season, is when UPS realizes its greatest volumes for the year. Demand for its service increases greatly, beginning right before what we call â€Å"Black Friday†. Every year before peak season, materials such as empty pods, are sent to the bigger air hubs because of the increased demand. Plane scheduling is also revised; bigger planes are sent to the bigger cities with busier routes, while smaller planes are sent to places that aren’t as big but with increased frequency of arrivals.Also, people are hired seasonally to help deal with the increased workload. After the Christmas season, things begi n returning to normal, but UPS always has a sure bet that they will always have great business around that time. Not always is the demand for shipping as high as peak season, it tends to decrease at certain times of the year. UPS has implemented many solutions to try to deal with this decreased demand. In one program, UPS encourages its employees to actively go out and â€Å"recruit† potential customers.Whether it is a family member who owns a business, or a store who currently uses FedEx, the employees are asked to go out and aggressively take business away from competition. When a sales lead is given to management, a professional sales person is sent out to the business interested, and goes over options and different pricing discounts UPS can offer. If the potential lead indeed becomes a new customer, the original employee who gave the lead is given a percentage of the sale from every package ship. This is an incentive UPS gives for their employees to actively go out there and create demand for the company.

The Expectancy Theory of Motivation

The Expectancy Theory of Motivation The Expectancy Theory of Motivation Mr. Jeffrey Kiger Western Governor’s University LET 1 Task 1 Abstract The Expectancy Theory of Motivation was developed by Victor Vroom in 1964. The theory is not without its critics however, most of the evidence is supportive. The Expectancy Theory helps to explain the motivations of employees in both a positive and negative ways. A lot of people in the workforce feel this way about their jobs or careers. Although they have probably never thought much about why they feel this way or asked themselves â€Å"what can I do to overcome these feelings? The Expectancy Theory of Motivation There are 3 relationships that are associated with the expectancy theory of motivation. The first relationship is effort-performance, which is the perception by employees that a certain amount of effort will lead to an acceptable performance standard. The second relationship that this theory explains is that individuals believ e the desirable outcomes are the result of performing at a certain level. The final relationship that is related to the expectancy theory of motivation concerns the correlation between rewards and personal goals.This part explains to what degree a company’s rewards satisfy an individual’s personal needs or goals. The relationship also stresses the importance of those possible rewards for the employees. The employees seem to have a number of issues that they need to overcome in order for them to be successful with the new production process. It seems like Supervisor A is having trouble communicating and motivating with his team. All 3 of the Expectancy Theory relationships seem to be prevalent in this situation. Some of the team members don’t think that they can physically do the job.A portion of the employees feel that the new production system is too demanding for their abilities. The company needs to re-examine the processes, break them down to more basic step s, and then spend a little time retraining the production teams. The employees will then see that they can meet the production goals. Some of the other employees don’t want to do the job, they can meet the production goals but they have decided that it isn’t important enough to do so. They have determined that the effort isn’t worth it because other employees get paid the same amount even though they don’t reach the same production goals.They haven’t understood the actual relationship of performance to reward. They are putting the focus on the other employees and forgetting about themselves. The company needs to address this conflict in order to have successful production teams. The last group of employees do not think that the rewards for achieving the company’s production goals will mean much to them at the end of the week. They are obviously concerned about their personal goals of making as much money as possible each week. They are getti ng the reward for their effort toward the company’s production goals however, it’s not enough.These employees really have to make a decision concerning the reward versus their personal goals. In my opinion, the company needs to do 4 things to fix the issues at hand. First of all, the company needs to understand why the production goals are not reached and find solutions so that the employee can be successful. Secondly, they need to do a better job of communicating the production goals and standards. The third item that needs to change is the accountability of the employee to the production goals. Last of all, the company could even change the production levels that must be met to receive a bonus.The possibility of reaching the goals and receiving the reward/bonus will help the employee see the achievement of the performance reward relationship. Appendix Each Appendix appears on its own page. Footnotes 1Complete APA style formatting information may be found in the Publi cation Manual. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Figure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number]

5 Tips on How to Improve Your APA English Essays

5 Tips on How to Improve Your APA English Essays 5 Tips on How to Improve Your APA English Essays The American Psychological Association has developed a formatting style that is used in several fields of study. It can be rather complex and if you have ever been given or seen the guide, you have probably had to pick yourself off of the ground. It is a very particular format; however, the majority of it deals with the citation process. Most instructors will level down your grade for improper formatting and there is no point in losing points for that. Here is how you can improve and get a good grade for your writing with these five easy tips. Utilize a Downloadable Format One of the easiest ways to make sure that your paper is formatted correctly is to download an APA formatted document. You can find them right on the internet and then you just download them to your computer. Once you open the document, you will see that it is already formatted perfectly for you. It may include sections that you don’t need, like a section for an abstract. If this is the case, then just delete what your paper doesn’t require. Input your information for the data in the document in the right places and you have a completely formatted document ready to turn in. Check out the Guide When you see the extensive APA format guide, you are going to think that it is crazy to use it. However, you have to realize that the majority of that guide is about the citations. Apart from rules and exceptions, it includes samples that can be helpful as well. So, before you count the guide out, give it a read. Make Use of the Writing Lab Take advantage of the free resource that you can find right at your school. You will be able to get one-on-one help with your paper right in your writing lab. And, for those of you who are taking classes online, you should know that online schools have writing labs too. It may not be the same because you won’t be sitting right next to someone. However, it has proven to be a helpful method for many students throughout the years and it can help you as well. Check out Examples This method may not be used by itself if you don’t find an example with notes that tell you about margin sizes, font sizes, and other characteristics. But, it is a vital way to ensure that you are correctly formatting your paper. Get a well written and properly formatted example and you will 100% benefit from it. You can actually see what all of the technical directions even mean. However, you want to make sure that you get it from a credible source. The best way to ensure that is to get the sample from a professional service and that brings us to the final place to find help with APA formatting. 5. Hire a Professional Helper Professional writers have mastered the various formats because they need to know how to do them properly and have had a lot of practice. Over the years, they have learned what the format should look like and what exactly needs to be done. And they know the most important parts of formatting so that they can help you make the necessary corrections. It is the ideal solution for students. When it comes to determining how to master the formatting process, these tips can be used together or by themselves. You can learn what you need to do, so that you can complete it every time and gradually make the process a lot quicker. All in all, you can buy APA essays written from scratch by experts from our certified custom writing service.

Pequots and Indians essays

Pequots and Indians essays The war between the Puritans and the Pequot Indians was one of the most striking events in the history of New England, deserving more attention than praised. Whether it was the Puritans simple aggression or the Pequots retaliation, the war of 1637 between the Puritans and Pequots resulted in the rapid English colonization and extermination of the most powerful tribe in New England. Although the Pequots were only trying to defend and fight for their lands, their aggression and reputation for brutality was a factor of the war. Pequots the Algonquin word for destroyers of men, was the name they were given for their reputation of unfriendliness and violence. Between neighboring Indian tribes such as the Narragansetts, the Pequots were unable to keep peace, which resulted in warfare. Another element leading to the cause of war was the Pequots assassination of Captain John Stone and eight other Englishmen. In return the English craved revenge for the murders, but through negotiations they were able to pardon and sign a treaty. But all peace was corrupted when John Oldham brought his trading ship into the Pequot area, early that spring and realized the Pequots could not comply with the treaty. Later that summer, John Gallop found the body of John Oldham massacred on his ship. But not all factors of the war point fingers toward the Pequots. The harshness of the Endicott expedition contributes to the breakout of the war. Seeking revenge for the death of John Oldham, who the Pequots murdered in the summer of 1636, the Puritans established the Endicott expedition. As a result of the expedition many Pequots were murdered and wounded, and Pequot territory was destroyed and looted. The attack that the Puritans so easily spread on the Pequots could have easily resulted in retribution, but the tribe would not persist on reprisal. With back and forth upbringings of revenge and retaliation, the wa...

Analysing children's drawings in relation to current theories on Essay

Analysing children's drawings in relation to current theories on cognitive development - Essay Example Children move from uncontrolled to controlled scribbles. The second stage known as pre- schematic stage occurs from two to four years. Children tend to use their favorite colour to colour every imaginable thing. They are able to draw people with large heads and smaller stick bodies. The other stages include the schematic stage where children create stories for their drawings and the preteen stage which involves the â€Å"I can draw† syndrome. (Wallace 2002) Consistent with this five stage theory, Victor Lowenfeld 1947 also categorized children’s visual art development into five categories, namely, Scribbler, Preschematic, Schematic, Drawing Realism and Pseudo-Naturalism. In light of the fact that only the drawings of a three year old child are analyzed, just the first two stages of Lowenfeld’s art development, specifically, Scribble and Pre-schematic, will be discussed. Lowenfeld posited four sub stages to the Scribble stage. These include disordered-uncontrolled markings, longitudinal-controlled repetitions of motions, circular motions and naming. Lowenfeld maintains that the appearance of circular images with lines mark the beginning of the Preschematic stage. Throughout this stage the schema or visual idea is created. The drawings demonstrate what is â€Å"perceives as most important about the subject.† (Wallace 2002) Unlike Jean Piaget’s stages of development which has a chronological age guideline, Lowenfeld’s stages proceeds along the characteristics of the children’s art. In his description of the scribbler, Lowenfeld suggests that no discernible shape such as an identifiable object or animal is observable. He also proposes that the Scribbler does not represent any specific space in their drawings. The lines drawn appear to be arbitrarily made. However, in his letter to his GP, child A demonstrates an understanding of space in that the scribbles vary in length representing

Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 -UK Essay

Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 -UK - Essay Example   The aims of the Commission and the Executive, whose existence and functions derive from the 1974 Act, are to protect the health, safety and welfare of employees and to safeguard others, principally the public, who may be exposed to risks from work activities. The Act was intended:  - To make further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work;- To protect others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work;- To control the keeping and use and prevent the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of dangerous substances.   Measuring and Accounting for Corporate Health and Safety Performance,  seeking views on the case for improving approaches to measuring and accounting for corporate health and safety performance. This was circulated to ‘key players’ in the British ‘occupational health and safety system’ and was made available on www.rospa.co.uk. It examined performance measuremen t and reporting against the background of strategic policy development in occupational safety and health as raised in the Governments and the Health and Safety Commission’s plans for ‘Revitalising Health and Safety at Work’    and wider issues of holistic business risk management raised in guidance on the Turnbull Report. A lot of factors may in be in place preventing.  They were built and used at a time when regulatory requirements and operational priorities were very different from those of today.