Acid Rain

dit Rain Acid fall has be arrive love an milieual associate within the last decade. The increasing environmental knowingness of the ugly condition of orbiter earth has non slightened the restore about bitter pelting. What is savage fall? Acid rainwater is rain with pH values of less than 5.6. Acid rain is rain mixed with entropy. Sulfur is rate into the air by sulphuric acid whole kits. more or less of the salientr sulphuric acid whole kit and boodles be in Ontario Canada Where dose acid rain come from? There are several factors get back the berth of each(prenominal) manufacturing kit and caboodle. Some of these factors are: 1. Is in that respect install access to piercing materials? 2. Is the location close to major ecstasy routes? 3. Is in that respect a suitable work force in the area for botany construction and operation? 4. Is there fitted goose egg resources pronto available? 5. Can the chemical plant tail assembly flow out its operation wi thout any impossible damage to the environment? The followers will explain in greater lucubrate why these factors should be considered. 1) Raw Materials: The plant needs to be close to the raw materials that are employ in the take of sulphuric acid like randomness, lead, copper, zinc and sulfides. 2) Transportation: A manufacturer mustiness consider carry-over routes. The raw materials take for to be transported to the plant, and the final product must be transported to the consumer or distributor. Commission proof container are essential for the transportation of sulphuric acid while sulfur can be overmuch more easily transported by hand truck or train. 3) clement Resources: For a sulfuric acid plant to operate, a walloping work force will be required to expect the plant. The plant must employ chemists, technicians, administrators, computing device operators, and mountain in sales and marketing. 4) Energy: Large amounts of energy will be required. Distance to a plentiful preparation of energy is frequen! tly a determining factor in deciding the plants location. 5) environmental Concerns: Concerns about the environment must be carefully interpreted into consideration. The chemical reaction of changing sulfur and otherwise substances to sulfuric acid results in the creation of other substances like sulfur dioxide. This causes acid rain. 6) Water Supplies: Another interrogation is the closeness of the location of the plants piss supply supply since large amounts of piss will be unavoidable for cooling. Producing Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric acid is assignd by two affectes-the chamber form and the cope with process. The contact process is the current process existence used to produce sulfuric acid. In the contact process, a purified dry torpedo mixture containing 7-10% sulfur dioxide and 11-14% oxygen is passed through and through a preheater to a brand reactor containing a atomic number 78 or vanadium atomic number 1 peroxide catalyst. The catalyst promotes the oxidation of su lfur dioxide to trioxide. This then reacts with weewee to produce sulfuric acid. In practice, sulfur trioxide reacts not with pure water but with recycled sulfuric acid. The reactions are: 2SO2 + O2 > 2SO3 SO3 + H2O > H2SO4 The product of the contact plants is 98-100% acid. This can every be diluted to lower niggardnesss or made stronger with sulfur trioxide to yield oleums. For the process, the sources of sulfur dioxide may be produced from pure sulfur, from pyrite, interpreted from smelter operations or by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide recovered from the purification of water gas, refinery gas, natural gas and other fuels. One of the effects of acid rain is the pollution of fresh water lakes. Lets consider the following scenario, a lake is foul by acid rain how do you invalidate it. i) The concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.0443 jetty/L. The pH is: No. groin of hydrogen ions = 0.0443 groin/L x 2 = 0.0886 breakwater/L hydrogen ions pH = - put down [H] = - enter (0.0886) = - (-1.0525) = 1.05 Therefore, pH is 1.05. ii) The ! amount of base needed to counterbalance the lake water is: volume of lake = 2000m x 800m x 50m = 800,000,000 m3 or 8x108 m3 since 1m3=1000L, and so 8x1011 L 0.0443 mol/L x 8x1011 = 3.54 x 1010 mol of H2SO4 in water # mol NaOH = 3.54 x 1010 mol H2SO4 x 2 mol NaOH 1 mol H2SO4 = 7.08 x 1010 mol of NaOH needed Mass of NaOH = 7.08 x 1010 mol NaOH x 40 g NaOH 1 mol NaOH = 2.83 x 1012 g NaOH or 2.83 x 109 kg NaOH Therefore a total of 2.83 x 1012 g of NaOH is needed to neutralize the lake water.

iii) The use of atomic number 11 hydrated oxide versus limestone to neutralize the lake water: Sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxi de produces water when reacting with an acid; it also mellow outs in water rale easily. When using sodium hydroxide to neutralize a lake, there may be several problems. One problem is that when sodium hydroxide concludes in water, it gives off heat and this may loss aquatic living animals. Limestone: Is another dash to neutralize a lake. Liming of lakes must be done with considerable caution and with an cognisance that the underwater ecosystem will not be restored to its original pre-acidic region even though the pH of water may supply returned to more normal levels. When limestone dissolves in water it produces vitamin C dioxide. This could be a problem since a higher content of nose candy dioxide would mean a lowered oxygen content peculiarly when much algae growth is present. As a result, incubus and other underwater animals may suffer. Limestone also does not dissolve as easily as sodium hydroxide pickings a longer period of time to react with sulfuric acid to n eutralize the lake. The equation for the neutralizati! on using limestone is: Ca CO3 + H2SO4 ÄÄ> CaSO4 + H2O. In conclusion there are also galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) an(prenominal) other sources of sulfur that contribute to acid rain much(prenominal) as power plants, steel mills and automobiles. Although these emissions need to be bookled they are not major contributers. There are some oppose views as to the causes of acid rain and the best way to control it. There is Legislations limiting the issue of sulfur emissions in many states and countries. There are also many ideas on shipway to clean the emissions. All of this has been very costly to the people of our planet both economically and environmentally and we are even so not able to effectively control acid rain. Until everyone phytology together to control acid rain the efforts of a fewer countries will not stop the effects of acid rain If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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