Jain Epistemology

According to Jain epistemology, realness is multifaceted (anekanta, or non-one-sided), such that no finite nail down of pleadments fire capture the inherent the true about the objects they describe. The Jain list of pramanas ( logical sources of experience) includes sense perception, valid testimony, extra-sensory perception, telepathy, and kevala, the state of omniscience of a improveed soul. Inference, which most other Indian epistemologies include, is interestingly absent from this list. However, discussion of the pramanas seem to designate that induction is implied in the pramana that provides the premises for deduction. That is, inference from things learned by the senses is itself friendship gained from the senses; inference from knowledge gained by testimony is itself knowledge gained by testimony, and so on Later Jain thinkers would add inference as a separate category, along with memory and tarka or logical reasoning. Since reality is multi-faceted, none of the pramanas gives absolute or perfect knowledge. Consequently, all knowledge is only tentative and provisional. This is expressed in Jain school of thought in the belief of naya, or partial predication ( likewise cognise as the doctrine of perspectives or viewpoints). This insight generates a multiple classification of predications, which can be schematized as follows: Perhaps a is F. Perhaps a is not-F. Perhaps a is both F and not-F. Perhaps a is ineffable. Perhaps a is unutterable and F. Perhaps a is indescribable and not-F. Perhaps a is indescribable, and both F and not-F. Perhaps here(predicate) is used as a translation of syat which can also be translated as from a perspective, or nearhow. Early Jain texts (e.g. Tattvartha Sutra) indicate that for some(prenominal) object and any predicate, all seven of these predications argon true. Hence, for all object a and every predicate F, thither is some circumstance in which, or perspective from which, it is train to proc ess claims of... ! If you want to get a full essay, smart set it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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